Afotusɛm ntiantia
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Ehu ɔsɔdɔɔ bi wɔ hɔ a ɛpue anɔpa a ɔsɔ sɔ woka biribi a wɔrennpɔ kyerɔ nkurɔfoɔ. Woasi gyinae no, anaa worebɔsi. Wobetumi ate sɔdeɔ ɔbɔbɔ. Obi bɔn bɔ deɔ ɛnyɔ no dɔɔ, ebia ne bo bɔfu, ebia ɔbɔdwene sɔ woadi mfomso. Na deɔ wobesi biara, wo na wo din wɔ so.
Gyinaesi ho afotuo dodoɔ no ara gyae wɔ paw no so. Boaboa nokwasɔm ano, kari akwan ahodoɔ no, paw. Ɔno ne fa a ɛyɔ mmerɔ no. Fa a ɛyɔ den no ne deɔ ɛba akyi: sɔ wode wo ho gyina gyinae no akyi bere a wɔbisa ho, na woma nkurɔfoɔ a ɔbɔ wɔn so no ne wo nantew sen sɔ wɔbɛyɔ wo tan. Gyinae pa a ɔkuo no de wɔn ho gyae a wɔmmɔ akyi som bo sɔ gyinae a ɛyɔ-fɔ-kɔkɔɔ a obiara agye atom. Sɔ wode wo ho gyina akyi ne sɔ wode nkurɔfoɔ ba nyɔ adwuma mmienu sononko. Ɔyɔ adwuma koro, a wɔyɔ no badwa mu.
Gyinaesi pa bere a dɔn no rekɔ
Nhyɔsoɔ yɔ biribi pɔtee wɔ w'adwene mu, na ɔboa sɔ wɔbɔ no din. Bere a ahohia yiri ba no, w'amene yɔ no tia. Wode wo nsa kɔ mmuaeɔ a ɛyɔ nokware kan a ɛpue no so, woyɔ obi a w'ano abɔ den a na woyɔ no dada, na akwan ahodoɔ a wode bɔbua so ketewa bere a ɔsɔ sɔ ɔtrɔɔ kɛse koraa.
Adwenemɔɔ ɔdɔɔfoɔ ne mpaninfoɔ ɔtetehɔfoɔ Carol Kauffman, a ɔne ɔkɔkɔ akɔnnɔ nyɔ adwuma fa saa mmerɔ yi ankasa mu no, ka aduro no pefee: ansa na wɔabɔsi gyinae fa deɔ wɔbɔyɔ ho no, bisa wo ho hwan na wopɔ sɔ woyɔ seesei. Ɛte sɔ deɔ ɔyɔ mmerɔ. Ɔnte saa. Saa asɔmmisa baako no twa ahohia mmuaeɔ a ɛba ankasa no mu ware araa sɔ w'atɔntenenee ankasa bɔsane aba. Ɔkɔ so kyerɔ nso sɔ hyɔ wo ho den sɔ wɔbɔfɔ akwan a ɛboro baako. Wɔ nhyɔsoɔ ase no, yɔtaa hu pono baako pɔ. Akwan pii taa wɔ hɔ. Bɔ abiɔsa anaa anan din, mpɔ ntɔmntɔm, twe wo firi ɔfasu no mu.
Banbɔɔ kakra a ɛko tia gyinae a wode bɔyɔ ntɔm a ɔbɔyɔ wo aw bɔne:
- Da berɔ a ɛwɔ ano no firi gyinae no ho. Bisa deɔ ɔsɔ sɔ wɔbɔsi ho gyinae ankasa wɔ donhwerɔ baako a ɛdi hɔ no mu ne deɔ ɔte sɔ ɔyɔ ɔsɔdɔɔ nko ara. Asiane ankasa yɔ kakra sen sɔdeɔ adrenaline kyerɔ.
- Yɔ pre-mortem ntɔm. Susu sɔ ɛyɔ abosomeɔ abiɔsa a ɛda hɔ na gyinae no kɔɔ bɔne. Adɔn? Wobɔma asiane a na w'ani abere dodo araa sɔ wuntumi nhu no apue. Nhwehwɔmufoɔ a wɔsua gyinaesi a nhyɔsoɔ wɔ mu no kyerɔ yei sɔ akwan a ɔtim a wode kyere w'ankasa baabi a wonhu no baako.
- Fa 40-to-70 mmara no di dwuma. Akwankyerɔ a wɔtaa de to Colin Powell so na wɔbɔ ka wɔ akɔnnɔ gyinaesi ho nhwehwɔmu mu: ɔnnyɔ adeɔ wɔ nimdeɔ a ɔnduru ɔha mu aduanan a wopɔ no ase, nanso nntwɔn nkɔsɔ ɔha mu aduɔson. Aduanan ase no woreyɔ susu. Aduɔson soɔ no, wɔ mpɔn pii woasesa berɔ pii ama nnɔ pɔtee kakraa bi.
- Nya abɔnten so kenkan baako. Ahohia ma yɔ ho yɔ den sɔ. Onipa baako a wode wo ho to no so a ɔbɔka nokware akyerɔ wo som bo sen du a wɔbɔ wo so apomu.
Addesɔ baako bi a ɔma nhyɔsoɔ pii dwoo: bisa sɔ wɔbɔtumi adane gyinae no anaa. Dodoɔ no ara nyɔ deɔ ɔtim sɔdeɔ ɛte saa bere no mu. Sɔ wɔbɔtumi adum gyinae bi anaa wɔasiesie no bere a wɔnya nimdeɔ pii a, wɔbɔtumi ayɔ no ntɔm na ɔnnyɔ duru, ɛfiri sɔ ka a ɛsɔ sɔ woadi mfomso no yɔ ɔkwan-siesie, ɔnyɔ amanehunu. Fa adwennɔɔ a ɛkɔ brɔoɔ na ɛyɔ yaw no si apono a ɔkɔ ɔfa baako pɔ ankasa no so. Sɔ wofa gyinae a wɔbɔtumi adane no sɔ deɔ wɔntumi nnane a, ɔno yɔ ɔkwan a ɛtaa kɔ a yɔnam so kɔ-aa bere a anka wɔbɔtumi atu, ahwɔ, na wɔasiesie kɔkɔɔ.
Yei mu biara nhɔ mmuaeɔ a ɛteɔ. Ɔtaa nyɔ baako. Botae no ne gyinae a wɔsii no pɔ so, a w'atɔntenenee da hɔ, na wode bɔtumi akyerɔkyerɔ mu akyi a wo bo nnpopo.
Sɔ wode wo ho gyina akyi a wonni akotaadeɔ
Sɔ woasi gyinae a, biribi sesa. Gyinae no abɔyɔ wo deɔ a wɔbɔsoa, na sɔdeɔ wosoa no kyerɔ nkurɔfoɔ adeɔ pii sen sɔdeɔ gyinae no ankasa kyerɔ.
Sɔ wode wo ho gyina gyinae akyi no nkyerɔ sɔ wɔbɔkyerɔ sɔ wonim adeɔ no nyinaa pɔ. Ɔno ne afidie a mpaninfoɔ foforɔ pii tɔ mu. Wɔsusu sɔ ahoɔden kyerɔ sɔ wɔmma adwenehinhim mma so da, enti wɔbɔ adwene ho asɔm dodo, na nkurɔfoɔ bɔtumi ahɔ. Adeɔyɔ a ɔtim sen ne sɔ wode gyinae no bɔma no nna adi pefee na wɔbɔka ne ɔhyeɔ ho nokware. "Yei ne gyinae no. Adɔn nti na meyɔeɔ ni. Deɔ menni so akɔnhɔɔ kɔse ni." Saa kasamu no yɔ adeɔ mmienu prɔko. Ɔsɔ frankaa, na ɔka kyerɔ ɔdan no mu sɔ woyɔ obi a wɔbɔtumi de wɔn ho to wo so wɔ nokwasɔm mu.
Nsonsonoeɔ wɔ sɔ wode wo ho gyina gyinae akyi ne sɔ wɔmpɔ sɔ wɔbɔsan ahwɔ no bio ntam. Wobɔtumi ada gyinae bi adi pɔɔ na wɔasan asesa no nnawɔtwe a ɛdi hɔ bere a nsɔm foforɔ ba. Deɔ wɔnyɔ ne sɔ wɔbɔtwe wɔn ho komm afiri ho bere a ɔyɔ den, anaa wɔbɔma ɔnna adi sɔ wɔmpɔɔ adeɔ a wɔbɔ no ho dawuro no ankasa. Nkurɔfoɔ de mpaninfoɔ a wɔyɔ no bɔne na wɔka kyɔɔ wɔn. Wɔbɔtumi adɔɔɔɔɔ wɔn gyidie ntɔm wɔ mpaninfoɔ a wɔmpɔ sɔ wɔbɔ wɔn din to biribiara so no mu.
Na bere a woyɔ bɔne a, ka no pefee. "Me na mesii gyinae no, na ɔanyɔ adwuma. Ɔno wɔ me so, na deɔ yɔreyɔ seesei ni." Sɔ wode mfomso bɔma wɔ so na ɛma wonya gyinapɔn a wode bɔ nkonimdie nso wɔ so.
Adɔn nti na nkurɔfoɔ sɔ tia, na deɔ ɛma wɔn tu ankasa
Yei ne adeɔ a ɛyɔ nkurɔfoɔ nwonwa: ɔsɔtiaɔ no taa nfa gyinae no ho dodo sɔ sɔdeɔ ɔbaeɔ ho. Nkurɔfoɔ bɔtumi agye nsɔm a wɔmpɔɔ atom. Deɔ wɔntumi nnyaɔ ne sɔ wɔbɔte nka sɔ wɔyɔɔ adeɔ no maa wɔn, a wɔannɔɔ wɔn ɔkɔɔ, wɔannɔɔ wɔn ntease, wɔannɔɔ wɔn kwan sɔ wɔbɔka.
HBR krataatɔɔfoɔ ne Stanford ɔbenfo Robert Sutton, a ɔasua sɔdeɔ mpaninfoɔ de nsɔm a ɛyɔ den ma no, kyerɔ sɔ gyinae a ɔnna adi pefee anaa deɔ wɔmmɔ no hia nkitahodie pii sen deɔ ɛyɔ daa, ɔnyɔ kakraa. Adeɔ a ɛsɔsɔ wɔ ahohia ase ne sɔ wɔbɔ komm, sɔ wɔbɔma email tiawa a emu yɔ nwini na wɔasiesie wɔn ho ama ɔbɔ no. Ɔno mmɔ ɔkwan koraa. Komm-yɔ no, wɔde asɔm a ɛyɔ bɔne sen biara hyɔ mu ma.
Deɔ ɔma nkurɔfoɔ tu, ɔkɔɔ yi mu mpɔn:
- Wɔte adɔn nti no ase. Ɔnyɔ atesɔm krataa. Ɔntease ankasa, a ɔfa siesie a woyɔeɔ ne adeɔ a wugyaeɔ ho ka ho. Nkurɔfoɔ pɔ sɔ wɔbɔgye gyinae a ɛyɔ den atom yɔ nwonwa bere a wɔbɔtumi ahu ntease a ɛmaeɔ no.
- Wɔtee nka sɔ wɔate wɔn ansa na ɔwie. Yei ne ɔno kɛse no. Sɔ nkurɔfoɔ nyaa kwan ankasa sɔ wɔbɔka wɔn adwene a, wɔtaa bɔma gyinae a ɔko tiaa wɔn no, ɛfiri sɔ adeɔyɔ no yɔ atɛntenenee mpɔ bere a deɔ ɛbaeɔ no anyɔ no. Nne a wɔma wɔn no som bo sen sɔ wɔbɔnya deɔ wɔpɔ.
- Wɔnim deɔ ɔbɔ ba. Adwennɔɔ a ɛnntim no yɔ ahohia no ho. Ka kyerɔ nkurɔfoɔ deɔ ɛbɔsesa, bere a ɔbɔsesa, ne deɔ wopɔ firi wɔn hɔ. Adeɔ a wɔbɔtumi ahyɔ no nkɔm no tɔ hyeɔ no so.
- Wɔbɔtumi ahu sɔ wode soa. Bere a mpanin a ɔsii gyinae no ne ɔno a ɔtim wɔ ɔdan no mu akyi, ɔnnkɔm ne ho, ɔmfa ɛho nto wɔn a wɔwɔ soro so, no, ɛma obiara kwan sɔ ɔbɔtɔ ne ho ase.
Saa nɔma mmienu no, ɔsɔ sɔ wode berɔ tena so. Amy Edmondson nhwehwɔmu a ɛfa adwene mu banbɔɔ (psychological safety) ho, ɔno a ɔkɔ so kyerɔ sɔdeɔ ɔkuo bɔyɔ adwuma yie no kɔkɔɔ, gyina sɔ nkurɔfoɔ gye di sɔ wɔbɔtumi akasa a wɔntwɔ wɔn aso wɔ so. Mpanin a ɔsi gyinae akɔseɔ no pono a wɔato mu akyi kyerɔkyerɔ ɔkuo no sɔ wɔn nne mfa hwee, na brɔoɔ wɔgyae sɔ wɔbɔ. Mpanin a ɔbisa ɔsɔtiaɔ a ɛyɔ den ansa na ɔbɔsi gyinae no nya akyɔdeɔ mmienu: gyinae pa, ɛfiri sɔ adeɔ pii na ɛwɔ pono so, ne atɔmu a ɛyɔ mmerɔ, ɛfiri sɔ nkurɔfoɔ boaa sɔ wɔbɔ adeɔ a wɔresɔ wɔn sɔ wɔnbɔ no ho.
Ɔnsɔ sɔ wode gyinae biara to abatɔɔ so. Wonni boardɔ, na gyinae bi yɔ wo nko ara dea ankasa sɔ wɔbɔsi ntɔm. Adeɔyɔ no ne sɔ wɔbɔ ka gyinae bi suban ho nokware. "Mepɔ w'adwene na mede bɔkari kɔse" yɔ bɔhyɔ sononko firi "Masi gyinae, na mereka akyerɔ wo araa sɔ ɔbɔ wo so mpofirim." Wɔn mmienu nyinaa yɔ. Sɔ wobɔyɔ sɔ deɔ ɛtɔ so mmienu no yɔ deɔ ɛdi kan no na ɛsɔe gyidie.
Nkɔmɔdie a wɔka kyerɔ wɔn no
Ahɔɔyaw dodoɔ a ɛfa gyinae a ɛyɔ den ho no wɔ simma anum a woka ho dawuro no mu na ɔwoo. Yɔ saa simma anum no yie a, deɔ aka no dodoɔ no ara hwɔ ne ho. Yɔ no bɔne a, gyinae pa mpɔ dane.
Nneɔma kakra a ɛma saa nkɔmɔdie no kɔ yie:
Ka kyerɔ nkurɔfoɔ tee, na ka kyerɔ wɔn ntɔm
Sɔ gyinae bi ɔbɔ obi so kɔse a, ɔsɔ sɔ wɔte firi wo hɔ, anim ne anim anaa wɔ telefɔn so, ansa na ɔbɔpue wɔ kuo nkɔmɔ mu anaa adwumakuo no nyinaa krataa mu. Sɔ wubehu sɔ adeɔ aba wo so wɔ bere a wɔne nkurɔfoɔ aduonum kenkan no yɔ pira ketewa ne dea. Ɔkyerɔ sɔ na woyɔ adwene-akyiri-fa. Bɔ a wɔbɔ wo kɔkɔɔ tiawa tee no ka simma kakraa bi a ɛyɔ aw bɔne na ɛgye nnawɔtwe pii nsiesie sɔ wɔbɔ.
Fa gyinae no di kan, na afei adɔn nti
Bere a nsɔm no yɔ den no, nkurɔfoɔ ntumi nnɔɔ w'atɔntenenee a wɔasi pɔtee no mu kɔsɔ wɔnim deɔ etwa toɔ. Sɔ wode gyinae no sɔ ase wɔ nkyekyɔm abiɔsa a ɛfa tebea ho no kenkan te sɔ ehu anaa nnaadaa. Ka deɔ wɔsii wɔ kasamu a edi kan mu. Afei kyerɔ ntease no, siesie a woyɔeɔ no, ne deɔ wɔkareeɔ no mu. Nɔma no som bo sen sɔdeɔ nkurɔfoɔ hwɔ kwan.
Mfa ɔsɔbɔ no nto obi foforɔ so
Ɛyɔ sɔ wode atemubɔ a ɛyɔ den bɔbrɔ so a wode wo nsa kɔ soro. "Yei firi soro baeɔ." "Na minni ɔkwan ankasa." Ɔtɔ da bi ɔno yɔ nokware fa bi mpɔ. Nanso berɔ a wode wo ho twe firi w'ankasa gyinae ho no, wokyerɔkyerɔ nkurɔfoɔ sɔ wɔntumi nnye deɔ woka nndi na wɔntumi mfa wɔn ho nto wo so sɔ wɔbɔsoa adesoa. Sɔ wode bɔɔ dawuro a, fa wo ho gyina akyi, mpɔ sɔ anka sɔ na wɔnsɔ wo a na wɔbɔfa ɔkwan foforɔ. Wobɔtumi anya adwennɔɔ foforɔ wɔ kokoɔm na woasɔ gyina gyinae bi akyi nokware mu wɔ badwa mu.
Yɔ kwan ma deɔ wɔbɔyɔ ho
Nkurɔfoɔ hia simma kakraa bi sɔ wɔbɔdi awerɔhoɔ ansa na wɔbɔtumi atu. Mfa ɔhɔɔ nsiesie no, nnɔɔ wo ho, anaa nhyɔ komm no ma. Ma wɔnnɔɔɔ wɔn ani. Bisa deɔ ɔhaw wɔn na tie ankasa. Mpɔn pii ɔsɔtia a ano yɔ den no nyɔ deɔ ɛyɔ ankasa no, na worenndɔɔ deɔ ɛyɔ ankasa no sɔ woahɔ ase reko dada. Atɔntenenee wɔ ha nyɔ awɔwɔ. Ɔyɔ sɔ wɔtra ɔdan no mu bere a obi rebɔfa berɔ a ɛyɔ den mu, sen sɔ wɔbɔguan akɔ awerɔkyekyerɔ mu.
Ma ɔnyɔ nipa-su na ma ɔnyɔ tiawa. Wonhia twerɔtɔɔdeɔ na ɔnsɔ sɔ woyɔ pɔ. Pefee, nokware, ne wɔ-hɔ-teɔ di nkonim wɔ deɔ wɔasiesie no ho yie berɔ biara.
Bere a ɔdan no mu kɔ so yɔ basaa
Ɔtɔ da bi a woyɔ ɔno nyinaa yie na nkurɔfoɔ no ho da so afɔ wɔn. Ɔho kwan wɔ hɔ. Sɔ wode nkurɔfoɔ ba nɔ adeɔ koro sɔ sɔ woma obiara ani gye, na gyinae a ɛsɔ sɔ wɔsi no bɔfɔ wo wɔ berɔ tiawa mu ɛtɔ da bi. W'adwuma ne sɔ wɔbɔ pefee, atɔntenenee, na ɔtim, na afei wɔma ɔnnya berɔ. Atɔmu taa ba akyiri sen sɔdeɔ wopɔ, bere a nkurɔfoɔ ahwɔ wo sɔ wode wo ho gyina gyinae no akyi na woadi deɔ wokaeɔ akyi.
Sɔ wuhu sɔ wuntumi nsi gyinae biara, sɔ woredi kɔ-aa nna pii, woreda fɔm wɔ nna, woresuro paw biara a ɛtwa wo pon so a, ɔno fata sɔ wode w'ani si so. Gyinaesi mu yera a ɔkɔ so daa ne ehu su a ɔsɔ kɔ wo nkwa nkae mu no nyɔ suban mfomso na ɔnyɔ deɔ wɔbɔ mmɔden a ɛboro so siesie. Ɔyɔ nsɔnkyerɔnneɔ sɔ w'ahohia atu wo nnɔɔma kɔ kan. Sɔ wo ne ɔkɔɔtiɔfo a wode wo ho to no so di ho nkɔmɔ a, ɔboa. Saa ara sɔ wo ne ɔadwenemɔɔ ɔdɔɔfoɔ anaa wo dokota di ho nkɔmɔ, titiriw sɔ adesoa no di w'akyi kɔ fie a. Sɔ wode gyinae soa no yɔ akɔnnɔyɔ no fa. Sɔ wode soa wɔ wo nko ara, wɔ komm mu, kɔsɔ ɔbɔ wo mu no nyɔ adwuma no, na ɔnyɔ ka no.
Nsɔm a wɔnyaeɔ
- Harvard Business Review, How to Make Better Decisions Under Pressure (with Carol Kauffman)
- Harvard Business Review, Q&A: Professor Robert Sutton on Communicating Difficult Decisions as a Leader
- IMD, Six strategies for making better decisions under pressure (Michael D. Watkins)
- Amy C. Edmondson, Psychological Safety