Afotusɛm ntiantia
- Thank the messenger before fixing anything.
- Admit your own mistake out loud.
- Ask what we're missing, then wait.
Obi a ɔwɔ wo kuw no mu huu ɔhaw no dapɛn abiɛsa ansa na ɛpaee. Ohuu no. Osusuw ho sɛ ɔbɛka biribi. Afei ɔde nhyiam no, ani a wɔbɛbɔ no, "adɛn nti na woankyerɛ eyi ntɛm" sɛ na ɔdɛm wɔ ne so a, na osii gyinae sɛ ɔbɛbɔ ne ti ase na wanya anidaso sɛ ɛbɛyɛ ne ho yiye.
Saa kommyɛ no boo wo ka. Ɛnyɛ sɛ na onipa no yɛ onihaw anaa ɔnyɛ nokwafo nti. Efisɛ baabi a wɔnam fae no, osuae sɛ kasa wɔ ha yɛ asiane, na kommyɛ yɛ ahobammɔ.
Ɛno ne ne nyinaa, ampa. Adwene mu ahobammɔ yɛ mmuae ma asɛmmisa komm biako a obiara a ɔwɔ wo kuw no mu rebisa, a pii mu wonnim sɛ wɔrebisa: *Sɛ meka biribi wɔ ha a, ɛbɛyɛ me bɔne?* Bere a mmuae nokwarem no yɛ daabi a, nnipa ka nokware kyerɛ wo. Bere a mmuae no yɛ aane a, wɔka nea wususuw sɛ wopɛ sɛ wote kyerɛ wo, na wudi kuw bi anim a wɔreserew na wɔde wɔn ti rekɔ fam bere a nsɛm ankasa da hintaw wɔ obiara ti mu.
Nea ɛyɛ, ne nea ɛnyɛ
Harvard nhwehwɛmufo Amy Edmondson na ɔbɔɔ asɛmfua no, na ne nkyerɛase no fata sɛ wokora efisɛ ɛyɛ pefee paa. Adwene mu ahobammɔ yɛ gyidi a wɔakyekyɛ sɛ kuw no yɛ dwoodwoo ma asiane a ɛda nnipa ntam. Ɛno ne ne nyinaa. Gyidi a kuw no kura sɛ wubetumi aka asɛm a ɛyɛ aniwu, agye atom sɛ woahwere kwan, ne wo panyin nya akyinnye, anaa woagye mfomso atom a wɔremmɔ wo aniwu anaa wɔrentwe waso wɔ ho.
Hyɛ nea ɛnni saa nkyerɛase no mu nsow. Ɛnka hwee fa ayamye ho. Ɛnka hwee fa ahomeka, anaa adwenekoro, anaa sɛ wɔde ɔde si fam ho. Eyi ne ɔfã a nnipa di mfomso wɔ ho mpɛn dodow, enti ɛsɛ sɛ wɔka ho asɛm tee.
Adwene mu ahobammɔ nyɛ:
- Adwumayɛ ho mmerɛwyɛ. Kuw a ho yɛ dwoodwoo betumi akura gyinapɛn a ɛkorɔn yiye. Ahobammɔ no fa sɛnea woyɛ nnipa a wɔanyɛ yiye anaa wɔbɔ mmɔden na wɔantumi ho, na ɛnyɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ adwuma pa anaa.
- Ayamye a entwa da. Kuw a ho yɛ dwoodwoo paa bi ko anibere so. Wɔko fa nsusuwii ho ara, wɔ nokwaredi mu, a ɛnnan animtiaabu.
- Kwan a wɔde ma kwa. "Yɛyɛ baabi a ho yɛ dwoodwoo" nkyerɛ sɛ asɛyɛ nni hɔ. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ nnipa nsuro sɛ wɔbɛka nokware fa baabi a nneɛma gyina ankasa ho.
Edmondson ankasa de ahobammɔ a ɛkorɔn ka gyinapɛn a ɛkorɔn ho boapa. Kuw a ho yɛ dwoodwoo nanso enni gyinapɛn yɛ aguabɔbea. Kuw a gyinapɛn korɔn nanso ahobammɔ nni mu yɛ baabi a ehu ne kommyɛ wɔ a nnipa de wɔn mfomso sie kosi sɛ saa mfomso no bɛyɛ kɛse. Nea wopɛ ne ahobammɔ *ne* gyinapɛn, abom. Ɛhɔ na nnipa yɛ akokoduru, ahwɛyiye adwuma.
Adɛn nti na akommyɛfo no yɛ komm
Nea ɛyɛ no ni, efisɛ ɛboa sɛ wuhu.
Bere a onipa bi resusuw sɛ ɔbɛka biribi anaa ɔrenka no, ne amene yɛ akontaabu a ɛyɛ ntɛm na pii mu ɛnnaadi a ɛfa ka ne mfaso ho ntɛm. Mfaso a wonya fi kasa mu no taa nyɛ pefee na ɛba akyiri ("ebia eyi bɛboa dwumadi no"). Ka no yɛ nnam na ɛba ntɛm ("mɛyɛ ɔkwasea wɔ saa nnipa yi anim seesei ara"). Sɛ saa akontaabu a ɛnyɛ pɛ no nti, kommyɛ taa di nkonim. Sɛ obi ka komm no yɛ adwene pa ma ankorankoro no, mpo bere a ɛnyɛ ma kuw no.
Nea ɛsesa no ne sɛ wokenkan dan no mu, na nnipa kenkan akannifo sen biribiara. Wɔhwɛ nea ɛtoo onipa a otwaa to a ɔne wo nyaa akyinnye no. Wɔhwɛ w'anim bere a obi de asɛmmɔne ba. Wɔhwɛ sɛ wopɛɛ sɛ wuhu anaasɛ wode wo ho bɔɔ ho ban. Anibere so adeyɛ biako wɔ nhyiam a emu yɛ den mu betumi akyerɛ kuw mũ sɛ wonnyae sɛ wɔde wɔn haw mmrɛ wo, na wɔrenka nkyerɛ wo sɛ ɛno na ɛbae. Akyiri yi pɛ na wubehu sɛ obiara mma wo ahodwiriw bio.
Asɛm a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛho hia ankasa
Eyi nyɛ ade a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛma onipa ani gye kɛkɛ. Bere a Google de mfe pii hwehwɛɛ nea ɛtetee ne kuw a wodi mu paa fii nkae ho, a wɔhwɛɛ akuw bɛboro ɔha ne aduɔwɔtwe so no, na wɔn ani da so sɛ mmuae no bɛfa nea ɛwɔ kuw no mu ho: nnipa a wɔnyansafo sen biara, wɔn a wɔadi adwuma mu kyɛ, nimdeɛ ahorow a ɛfata. Ɛnyɛ saa na wohui. Nea ɛho hiae ne sɛnea kuw no yɛɛ adwuma bom, na ade biako a ɛho hiae paa ne adwene mu ahobammɔ. Google ankasa nhwehwɛmufo frɛɛ no "nea ɛho hia sen biara" wɔ nneɛma a wohuiɛ no mu, na wɔkaa sɛ ɛyɛ ade a nkae no gyina so.
Ntease no yɛ pefee bere a woahu kommyɛ haw no fefeefe pɛn. Kuw a nnipa de asɛmmɔne ba ntɛm, bisa asɛm a ɛyɛ ɔkwasea ansa na abɛyɛ mfomso a ɛbo yɛ den, na wɔtia nhyehyɛe a ɛrefi kwan no, bedi adwuma yiye asen kuw a wosuro dodo sɛ wɔbɛyɛ saa biara. Edmondson mfitiaseɛ nhwehwɛmu no san huu link koro no ara: akuw a wɔtee nka sɛ ho yɛ dwoodwoo no de wɔn ho hyɛɛ adesua suban mu kɛse, na saa adesua no daa adi wɔ adwumayɛ mu. Ahobammɔ nyɛ nea ɛne aba bɔ abira. Ɛyɛ sɛnea aba ba no fã.
Nea ɔkannifo yɛ ho ankasa
Worentumi mfa kasa nkyerɛ sɛ adwene mu ahobammɔ wɔ hɔ. Nnipa rennye krataa a wɔakyerɛw nni. Wobegye wo nneyɛe a wuti mu di, titiriw wɔ mmere a anka ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛyɛ bɔne. Nneɛma kakraa bi ma nsakrae ba ankasa.
Fa asɛmmɔne a edi kan a ɛba da no mu te sɛ akyɛde
Bere a obi de ɔhaw bɛma wo no ne bere a ɛhyɛ nokwaredi bo ma obiara a wɔrehwɛ. Sɛ wo amene ne sɛ wobɛbisa "ɛyɛɛ dɛn na eyi sii" abufuhyew so a, woreɔma saa bo no kɔ soro brɛoo. Sɔ nea ɛne no bɔ abira no hwɛ. "Meda wo ase sɛ woaka akyerɛ me" kan, bere biara, na fi wo koma mu ka. Wubetumi ahwɛ siesie no akyiri yi. Tua ɔbɔfo no ka na wubenya abɔfo pii, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wubehu nsɛm bere a ɛyɛ ketewa.
Di kan kyerɛ w'ankasa sintɔ
Ɔkwan a ɛyɛ ntɛm a wode bɛyɛ ma ɛnyɛ dwoodwoo ma afoforo sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nnipa ne sɛ wo ankasa yɛ onipa, wɔ kasa mu. Ka sɛ "minnim." Ka sɛ "meyɛɛ no mfomso." Ka sɛ "ebia meresɛm biribi wɔ ha, twe me waso." Bere a onipa a wadi mu kyɛ sen biara wɔ dan no mu gye mfomso atom na ɔtena ase no, obiara sua sɛ mfomso yɛ nea wobetumi atena ase wɔ ha. Edmondson frɛ eyi ahobrɛase mu akannie, na ɛnnyina wo hwee gye ahomaso ketewa.
Bisa nsɛmmisa ankasa na afei tie ankasa
Nsonsonoe wɔ asɛmmisa a ɛto nsa frɛ nokware ne nea ɛkyerɛ nea woasi gyinae dedaw ntam. "Obi wɔ hɔ a ɔwɔ haw bi?" a wɔka bere a woreboaboa wo nkrataa ano no mma wo hwee. "Dɛn na yɛrehwere? Asiane bɛn na yɛnka ho asɛm?" a wɔka bere a wode wo ho to akyi twɛn no de nkɔmmɔ ankasa brɛ wo. Twɛn no ho hia. Kommyɛ wɔ nhyiam mu taa yɛ nnipa a wɔresi gyinae sɛ wokyerɛ ampa.
Hwɛ wo nkae wɔ bere a emu yɛ den mu
Eyi ne agoru no nyinaa, na ɛtena nkɛkɛnsɛm mmienu mu. Bere a akyinnye anaa asɛmmɔne no ba no, sintɔ bi wɔ hɔ ansa na woabua, na wo kuw no rekenkan w'anim wɔ saa sintɔ no mu. Mma w'abufuw nna adi wɔ akyinnye bi ho. Ɛnsɛ sɛ wopene so. Nanso ɛsɛ sɛ woma ɛyɛ nea wobetumi atena ase sɛ wɔaka. Yɛ nea ɛyɛ pɛ sɛ wuhu sen sɛ wobɛbɔ wo ho ban, mpo bere a wonte nka saa, na wobɔ kwan a ɛma wonya nsɛm ho ban.
Hwɛ obi a ɔrenkasa
Ahobammɔ nkyekyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Onipa foforo, onipa a ɔyɛ komm sen biara, nea ne tebea ne obiara a ɔwɔ dan no mu dea nsɛ koraa no taa te asiane no nka sen biara. Yɛ no botae sɛ wode no bɛba mu denam ne din so, kyerɛ ne nsusuwii anim wɔ afoforo anim, na di akyi kokoam sɛ nhyiam bi yɛɛ no te sɛ ɛfaa ne so. Kuw bi yɛ dwoodwoo sɛnea ɛyɛ dwoodwoo ma ne muni a onni tumi pii no.
Kɔkɔbɔ kakraa bi a ɛyɛ nokware
Adwuma yi yɛ brɛoo. Wɔkyekye ahotoso wɔ mmere nketenkete, a entena ɔdwene mu, a wɔbɔ ho dasɛ no na ɛhwere wɔ baako a emu yɛ den mu, enti adwuma no fã kɛse ne sɛ wonsɛe no da bɔne. Wobɛsɛe no da bɔne ɛtɔ da bi. Sɛ woyɛ saa a, bɔ no din ("na me bo afuw wo wɔ hɔ, na ɛyɛ me dea") na ma nnipa nhwɛ wo sɛ woreba bio. Asiesie no kyerɛ ade sen sintɔ no.
Na ahobammɔ nyɛ ade a ɛsa biribiara yare. Ɛrensiesie nhyehyɛe a asɛe anaa dwumadi a obiara nte ase. Ɛyɛ fam a adwuma a aka no gyina so, a ɛno ankasa nti na ɛfata sɛ wobɔ ho ban ansa na wuhia.
Sɛ wo kuw te sɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw, sɛ nnipa ayɛ komm, sɛ nsɛm a anka wugye di sɛ anka wobɛte ntɛm da so bɔ wo ahodwiriw a, ɛno fata sɛ wode di dwuma anibere mu sen sɛ wobɛtwɛn. Coach, yɔnko a wugye no di, anaa w'ankasa HR yɔnko betumi aboa wo ma woahu nhyehyɛe a wobɛn dodo nti wonhu. Na sɛ wo kuw mu kommyɛ no afi ase ahyɛ wo so ankasa, ahohia a edi w'akyi kɔ fie na ɛtena wo koko so anadwo a, ɛno yɛ nea ɛfata sɛ wo ne onimdefo kasa nso. Kuw a emu yɛ den anim akannie yɛ den ma onipa ankasa. Wonya kwan sɛ wuhia mmoa wɔ ho.
Kuw a wopɛ no bɛn sen sɛnea ɛte. Ɛtaa fi bere a edi hɔ a obi de biribi a na wompɛ sɛ wote ba, ne nea w'anim yɛ wɔ nkɛkɛnsɛm mmienu a edi akyi mu.
Nea efi
- Google re:Work, Guide: Understand team effectiveness
- Harvard Business School Working Knowledge, Four Steps to Building the Psychological Safety That High-Performing Teams Need
- Amy C. Edmondson, Managing the risk of learning: Psychological safety in work teams (Harvard Business School)