Mfe mmienu akyi no, wunim wo adwuma no ho nneɛma a anka wuntumi nkenkan wɔ baabiara. Wunim ɔtɔnfo a ogye kasa Fiada. Wunim sɛnea dapɛn pa te, na woanya bi mpɛn kakra. Ɛha ne baabi a adwuma yɛ anigye ampa, na ɛha ara nso na asɛmmisa bi fi ase di w'akyi komm: mɛkɔ so akosi bere bɛn?
Mmuae no nyɛ sɛ wugyae bisa. Mmuae no ne sɛ wubebua no pɛnkoro, wɔ nkyerɛwee mu, bere a wo ho adwo wo, na afei wugyae ne ho ka a wutua no ɔsram biara. Saa mmuae a wɔakyerɛw no yɛ gyinabea: dodow bi, da bi, ne ɔhye a worentra so. Ɛyɛ krataa a ɛnyɛ nwonwa koraa a wobɛyɛ da. Ɛma wode w'ahoɔden nyinaa yɛ adwuma, ɛfiri sɛ deɛ ɛbɛkyerɛ wo sɛ gyae no, wɔasi ho gyinae dedaw, na ɛnyɛ sɛnea wote nka Benada.
Gyinabea yɛ dɛn ankasa?
Nneɛma mmiɛnsa a wokyerɛw kan: dodow bi a ɛbɛkyerɛ sɛ gyae, da bi a wobɛhwɛ saa dodow no so, ne ɔhye a worentra so sɛnea wobɛtoa so. Ɛno ne ne nyinaa, na ɛtumi tra krataa nkyerɛwee baako so.
Nhwɛso bi a ɛyɛ kwa nnie. Sɛ sotɔɔ no antumi antua n'ankasa ka asrane nsia toatoa so kɔsi Ayɛwohomumu afe a ɛreba no a, mɛto sotɔɔ no mu na mede adi dwa so. Meremfa me ho sika a ɛboro dɔla 2,000 nhyɛ mu. Mɛhwɛ eyi so wɔ Ayɛwohomumu da a ɛdi kan.
Dodow no fi w'ankasa akontabuo mu, ɛmfi atenka mu. Sika a ɛba mu, mfaso, adetɔ dodow ɔsram biara, nnɔnhwerew a woyɛ adwuma tia sika a ɛfi wo nsam, deɛ ɛkyerɛ w'adwuma ankasa no. Yi baako. Dodow mmienu yɛ nkitahodi a wo ne wo ho di, na wubedi nkonim wɔ ɔkwan biara a wote nka saa da no so.
Da no na ɛma dodow no dan gyinaesi na ɛnyɛ ahunahuna. Ɛka sɛ: merenbu eyi atɛn wɔ Ɔbɛnem mu, mebu atɛn wɔ Ayɛwohomumu mu. Biribiara a ɛda seesei ne saa bere no ntam yɛ adwuma, ɛnyɛ adanseɛ.
Ɔhye no ne deɛ nnipa gyaw, na ɛno ara na ɛbɔ w'asetena a aka no ho ban. Sika a worensɛe. Ɛka a worenfa. Abusuabɔ anaa adwuma a worenhwere sɛnea ade no bɛkɔ so ahome.
Adɛn nti na ɛsɛ sɛ mekyerɛw no seesei bere a biribiara kɔ so yiye?
Ɛfiri sɛ deɛ wokyerɛw bere a wo ho adwo wo no ne deɛ wobɛpene so ampa, na deɛ wokyerɛw wɔ dapɛn bɔne mu no, dapɛn bɔne no na ɛkyerɛwee. Sɛ wusi mmara bi ho gyinae kan a, ɛno yɛ akwan pa a wɔasua ho ade a ɛma nhyehyɛe tumi gyina w'adwene tebea ano.
Adwene sisi bi wɔ hɔ a ɛda eyi ase. Nnipa kɔ so yɛ ade bi fa bi ɛfiri deɛ wɔde ahyɛ mu dedaw nti, na nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa saa nsunsuanso no ho kyerɛ sɛ, bere a wɔde asɛe dedaw no twe wɔn denneennen wɔ bere pɔtee a obi resan asusuw nhyehyɛe bi a asɛe ho. Saa ɔsram no ne deɛ wompɛ sɛ wusi gyinae foforɔ mu koraa.
Ɔfa a ɛka ho no nso yɛ nokware, na wɔntaa nka ho asɛm. Nnipa pii to adwuma a apɔmuden wɔ mu koraa mu wɔ ɔsram bɔne bi mu, ɛfiri sɛ dapɛn a nneɛma kɔɔ brɛoo besii ɔsram a emu yɛ den bi so, na mmara biara nni hɔ a ɛbɛka sɛ ɔsram no yɛ deɛ ɛtaa yɛ. Nkyerɛwee gyinabea bɔ wo ho ban wɔ afanu no nyinaa, na ɔfa a ɛtɔ so mmienu no gye adwuma pii sen deɛ ɛdi kan no.
Dɔnhwerew baako a wode bɛsusuw nea ebetumi asɛe ho wɔ ho mfaso ha. Ɔkwan no, a Gary Klein kyerɛɛ mu wɔ Harvard Business Review mu no, ne sɛ susuw sɛ mfe mmienu atwam na ade no ato mu, na afei kyerɛw deɛ enti a ɛbaa saa. Nneɛma a wubehu no na ɛbɛyɛ wo dodow, wo da ne w'ɔhye no fibea.
So sɛ mekyerɛw gyinabea a, ɛbɛma magyae ntɛm?
Wɔ nokware mu no, deɛ ɛyɛ ne akyi. Gyinabea nyɛ nhyehyɛe a wode begyae. Ɛno na ɛma wugyae sɛ wubebue adwuma no nyinaa mu bio ɔsram biara, na wode saa ɔsram no atɔn nneɛma mmom.
Bu nnɔnhwerew no nokware mu, wɔ w'ankasa asetena so na ɛnyɛ akontaabuo bi so. Sɛ wusan bue asɛmmisa no mu a, ɛwɔ ka a wutumi hu sɛ ɛrekɔ so: awia a ɛsɛe kwa, ɔhwehwɛ no, nkɔmmɔ a wo ne wo ho di anadwo dasu. Deɛ ɛno nyinaa bɛyɛ afe biara no, efi adwuma baako pɛ a anka ɛbɛsesa dodow no mu.
Nsunsuanso a ɛtɔ so mmienu wɔ hɔ a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛsusuw ho na ebia ɛso kyɛn. Akokoduru. Wobɛbɔ bo a ɛkorɔn, wobɛpo ɔtɔfo a ɔmfata, na wode sika bɛhyɛ adwuma no fa a ɛhia mu, bere a wunim wo gyinabea pɔtee. Sɛ wunnim sɛ worekɔ so anaa a, ɛma nnipa yɛ nneɛma kakraa bi kakraa bi, na ɛno bo yɛ den.
Afei ka gyinabea no kyerɛ onipa baako. Ka no denneennen, pɛnkoro, kyerɛ obi a ɔbɛkae. Gyinabea a ɛda wo tirim nko ara no, wosesa mu komm na daa ɛba fam. Gyinabea a obi foforɔ ate no tena sɛnea woyɛɛ no.
Sɛ da no du na dodow no ka sɛ gyae a, dɛn na ɛba?
Woyɛ deɛ wokyerɛwee, na sɛ wugyina hɔ kakra mpo a, wo yɛ. Gyinabea dodow no ara nyɛ ɔkwan a wobɛfa so ahyɛ so anaa woato mu afebɔɔ. Ɛyɛ ɔkwan a wobɛfa so anya suban a ɛwɔ hɔ seesei anaa suban ketewa bi a ɛho ka sua koraa.
Suban ahorow a ɛnyɛ toɔ mu: sotɔɔ no dan dwa so pon, nneɛma pii no dan nneɛma mmiɛnsa, adwuma no dan biribi a woyɛ anwummere mmienu ɔsram biara ma akliɛnt a wopɛ wɔn ho ampa. Ɛno mu biara yɛ adwuma a ɛte ase a ɛho ka sua ɔsram biara na nhyɛso no yɛ ketewa, na emu biara betumi anyin bio bere a biribi sesa.
Sɛ ɛyɛ toɔ mu ampa a, to mu yiye na yɛ no dapɛn baako mu na ɛnyɛ afe mũ a w'adwene nsi so. Ka kyerɛ w'atɔfo ansa na wɔahu. Ma nneɛma a wogyee no nyinaa nkɔ. Tua obiara a wode ne ka ka kan. Ka deɛ ɛsii wɔ kasamu tiawa baako mu badwa mu, a wonsrɛ bɛnkyɛ na wonka asɛm tenten, na ma din no ntena hɔ.
Afei fa ɔsram baako ansa na woasi deɛ wususuw ho gyinae. Adwuma a eba awiei nyɛ atemmu a wɔabu ama wo. Ɛyɛ nsɔhwɛ baako a obi de kɔɔ awiei koraa, obi a seesei ɔnim ne adwuma ho ade sen nnipa dodow no ara a ɔbɛhyia wɔn, na nnipa pii a wɔkɔ so si biribi a ɛyɛ adwuma no, wɔanya saa osuahu yi pɛn.
Afe a ɛtɔ so mmienu haw no, ne obi foforɔ gyinabea a wobɛkora so
Ɛnyɛ nsusuwii na ɛsa wɔ afe a ɛtɔ so mmienu mu. Ahoɔden na ɛsa. KEEP CALM ɔhyɛasefo ka sɛ ɔyɛɛ adwuma den ne nkwa nna nyinaa na ohuu akwan a ɔfa so nya asomdwoe wɔ mu, na saa ntetee no yɛ akwan a ɔfaa so soaa adwuma din a ɔresi no nhyɛso. Ɛno yɛ n'ankasa mfe aduonu ho asɛm na ɛnyɛ mmara a ɔde rema obi, nanso ne suban no fata sɛ wofa: nneɛma a ɛtaa yɛ, nna, ɔhonam mu adwuma, aduane, ɛntew ne adwuma no ho. Ɛyɛ nnwinnade a adwuma no gyina so.
Sɛ woka wo gyinabea kyerɛ onipa baako a, fa a ɛka ho ne sɛ wobɛkora obi foforɔ deɛ so. Bisa obi a wobu no sɛ ne dodow ne ne da ne dɛn, kyerɛw mmienu no nyinaa, na fa krataa to wo kalɛnda so sɛ wubebisa no saa da no. Ɛgye nkrasɛm baako mprenu afe biara. Deɛ ɛsan ba no nyɛ atenka ho asɛm: obi a onim sɛ obi bebisa no, ɔkenkan n'ankasa gyinabea nokware mu, na wo nso saa ara.
Afei san kenkan wo deɛ pɛnkoro afe biara, wɔ da a woyi no nnɛ. Mfe dodow no ara wonsesa hwee na wosan kɔ adwuma. Ɛno na gyinabea wɔ hɔ ma. Ɛnyɛ kɔkɔbɔ a ɛfa akɔnnɔ kɛse ho. Ɛyɛ krataa a ɛma wutumi pɛ nneɛma akɛse, denneennen, bere tenten pa ara.
Nsɛm a wonyaa fii
- Communications Biology, Sunk cost sensitivity during change-of-mind decisions is informed by both the spent and remaining costs
- Harvard Business Review, Performing a Project Premortem
- Frontiers in Psychology, A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions on Goal Attainment