Wo yɔnko bi kaa ne sika a ɔde asie ma mmere bɔne ho asɛm kɛkɛ, na wuhui sɛ wo deɛ, wowɔ adwene denneennen sɛ wobɛsie sika nanso wunnim botae a ɛdi kan a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ. Ɛhɔ yɛ baabi pa a wugyina, ɛfiri sɛ ɛyɛ asɛmmisa a mmuae wɔ hɔ ankasa, na mmuae no sua sen deɛ woreguan afi ho no.
Afotuo dodow no ara fi ase wɔ asrane mmiɛnsa kosi nsia ka so, na ɛno yɛ nokware akyire yi nanso ɛnni mfaso nnɛ. Sɛ wufi hwee so a, asrane mmiɛnsa nyɛ botae, ɛyɛ ɔfasu, na botae a wuntumi nhu wo ho sɛ wudu ho no yɛ botae a wugyae ne ho sika a wode gu mu komm wɔ dapɛn a ɛtɔ so num mu. Enti botae a ɛdi kan ne ɔsram baako ka a wutua daa, wɔ akontaabuo foforɔ a wunni ho kaad so. Krataa yi ka dodow, akontaabuo a ɛfata, sɛnea wode sika bɛkɔ mu a wonnyina w'ahoɔden so, ne deɛ ade no yɛ ampa, na ɛno ne fa a obiara nkyerɛ mu.
Me sika a ɛgye mu ahoɔden a ɛdi kan no nyɛ dodow bɛn?
Ɔsram baako ka a wutua daa. Ɛnyɛ ɔsram baako sika a ɛba wo nsam, na ɛnyɛ ɔsram baako deɛ wosɛee nyinaa nso: ofie ka, nsu ne kanea, insurance, akwantu, ɛka tua a esua sen biara, ne aduane a ɛtaa yɛ, a wobɔ mu pɛnkoro.
Saa dodow no taa sua sen sɛnea nnipa susuw, ɛfiri sɛ ka a wutua daa yɛ deɛ wosɛe no fa bi pɛ, na sɛ ɛsua a, ɛno ne botae no. Nnipa dodow no ara betumi adu ho afe baako mu sɛ wɔsie kakra akatua da biara, na sɛ wudu ho a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ afiri no yɛ adwuma. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ampɛ sɛ ɔbɔ dodow bi din ma obiara ɛnam saa ntira ara, na ɔka kyerɛ nnipa sɛ wɔmfa wɔn ankasa mmere a atwam mu ka a ɛbaa mpofirim no nsusuw botae no ho, na ɛno yɛ akwankyerɛ pa sen mmara biara.
Kyerɛw dodow no sɛ dodow pɔtee na ɛnyɛ adwene bi. Sika a ɛgye mu ahoɔden a ɛyɛ mpem mmienu ahanu yɛ botae. Sika a ɛgye mu ahoɔden a ɛyɛ asrane kakra ka yɛ apɛdeɛ hunu.
Akontaabuo bɛn so na memfa nsie?
Sikakorabea akontaabuo foforɔ wɔ sikakorabea anaa credit union bi, a kaad biara nka ho na ntɛmkwan biara nni wo fon so. Nsɛnnennen no nyɛ ahyehyɛdeɛ, ɛyɛ nhyehyɛe no nyinaa.
Nneɛma mmiɛnsa nko ara na ɛho hia. Ɛsɛ sɛ sika no ho yɛ dwoodwoo, a wɔabɔ ho ban na wɔmfaa nhyɛɛ biribi a ebetumi ahwe ase dapɛn a wo ho bɛhia no mu. Ɛsɛ sɛ wo nsa ka wɔ da baako anaa mmienu mu, ɛfiri sɛ sika a wo nsa nka wɔ dapɛn bɔne mu no nyɛ nea ɛgye mu ahoɔden. Na ɛsɛ sɛ ɛtew ne ho fi wo sika a wosɛe ho, ɛfiri sɛ sika a ɛda wo checking akontaabuo so no, Yawoada bi a ɛyɛ kwa bɛsɛe a wonsii ho gyinae biara.
Mfaso a ɛba so no yɛ ade pa a wode ka ho na ɛnyɛ botae no. Ɔsram baako ka nkyɛn no, wonnya mfaso pii, na sɛ wutu mmirika di mfaso kakra akyi a, ɛno ara ne nsusuwii a ɛma nnipa ka hwee so afe foforɔ. Bue akontaabuo no wɔ baabiara a wubetumi abue no dapɛn yi, na tu kɔ baabi foforɔ akyire yi sɛ wopɛ a.
To akontaabuo no din bi a emu da hɔ na ɛyɛ pɔtee, sɛ wo sikakorabea ma kwan a. Sika a ɛda hɔ a wɔato no din "cushion" no, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛfa mu Fiada anadwo sen sika koro no ara a wɔato no din "savings", ɛfiri sɛ din no bua asɛmmisa a anka ɛsɛ sɛ wo ne wo ho gye ho akyinnye.
Mɛyɛ dɛn na sika no akɔ mu ampa?
Hyehyɛ sika tu baako a ɛbɛyɛ n'ankasa da a edi akatua da akyi, na ɛnyɛ da a edi n'anim. Si hɔ, na gyae ho: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ka sɛ sika tu a ɛkɔ so fi checking kɔ sikakorabea so yɛ akwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sen biara a wobɛfa so asie sika daa, na ɛyɛ nsakrae baako a mmɔdenbɔ ne deɛ efi mu ba no nsusuwii yɛ papa sen biara wɔ w'ankasa sika ho.
Da a edi akatua da akyi no ho hia sen dodow no ankasa. Sika a wotu ansa na woahwɛ w'akontaabuo so no yɛ sika a woannya kwan ansusuw ho, na atenka na ɛma sika tu gyae. Fi ase wɔ dodow a ɛyɛ kwa koraa. Sɛ aduonu num akatua da biara yɛ kwa na ahanu bɔ wo hu a, fi ase wɔ aduonu num, ɛfiri sɛ sika tu ketewa a ɛtena afe mũ no ye sen deɛ ɛso a wogyae wɔ Ɔbɛnem mu.
Nneɛma mmienu a ɛma ɛyɛ ntɛm, sɛ wopɛ a. Ma sika tu no so da a w'akatua kɔ soro, ansa na deɛ wosɛe anya kwan asɛe kan. Na sika a ɛmma daa no, ma ɛnkɔ mu tẽẽ bere a ɛbɛba: sika a wɔsan de ma wo, akatua bi a wɔde ka wo deɛ ho, sika a wotuaa a wɔsan tuaa wo, biribiara a na ɛnni w'ɔsram nhyehyɛe mu na wo werɛ renfi.
Sika a ɛgye mu ahoɔden yɛ ɛdɛn ampa?
Ɛtɔ gyinaesi ma wo. Ɛnsiw ade a ɛba mpofirim no kwan, ɛsiw sɛ ade no bɛdan gyinaesi a wusi wɔ anadwo nnɔn dubaako a kaad a wode di gyinapɛn kura wo nsam no kwan.
Ɛno ne mfaso no nyinaa, na ɛsom bo sen mfaso biara a akontaabuo no bɛma wo da. Sɛ wowɔ ɔsram baako sika a woasie a, kar a asɛe a wɔbɛsiesie no yɛ adetɔ. Sɛ wunni bi a, saa nsiesie koro no ara yɛ bosea, ka bi, tua a aka akyi wɔ baabi foforɔ, ne dapɛn mmiɛnsa a w'adwene rensi biribiara so bere a na wo hia no wɔ w'adwuma ankasa ho. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa sika a wɔsie ma mmere bɔne ho no hui sɛ nsonsonoe kɛse wɔ nnipa a wɔasie sika kakraa bi ne wɔn a wɔasie pii ntam wɔ wɔn ka ho nsɛm, ɛka a wɔde, tumi a wɔwɔ sɛ wodi sika ho asɛde ho, ne sika mu asetena pa mu, na Federal Reserve afe biara nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa afiefo sika ho no wɔ hɔ sɛnea wɔbɛhwɛ saa tebea koro no ara so.
Sika a ɛgye mu ahoɔden nso ne nsonsonoe a ɛda sɛ wopɛ sɛ woboa obi ne sɛ wubetumi aboa no ntam: sɛ wowɔ ɔsram baako ka a wutua daa a woasie a, wubetumi atua wo yɔnko wimhyɛn ka anaa woayi ka bi afi obi so komm a ɛremmɛyɛ w'ankasa ahokyere dapɛn a edi so no.
Bere bɛn na mefi ɔsram baako so akɔ asrane mmiɛnsa so?
Bere a ɔsram baako no ada hɔ a wonkaa ho asrane mmiɛnsa mũ na sika tu no ahwehwɛ sɛ wobɛka wo ho ahyɛ pɛnkoro mpo. Ɛno ne nsɛnkyerɛnne sɛ afiri no reyɛ adwuma, na saa bere no nko ara na botae kɛse yɛ nhyehyɛe na ɛnyɛ apɛdeɛ hunu.
Afei ma botae no so na ɛnyɛ mmɔdenbɔ no. Asrane mmiɛnsa ne anammɔn a edi so a ɛtaa yɛ, na nsia yɛ nyansa sɛ wo sika mmɛto ne so, woyɛ wo ho adwuma anaa wo nko ara na wode sika ba fie a. Ma akontaabuo koro no ara, sika tu da koro no ara ne kaad ho mmara koro no ara ntena hɔ. Ɔkwan no mu biribiara nsesa, ɛyɛ awiei gyinabea no nko ara.
Ade baako a ɛnsɛ sɛ woyɛ: mfi ase mfa sika nhyɛ biribi mu sɛ wopɛ mfaso ansa na ɔsram baako no aba hɔ. Ɛnyɛ sɛ sika a wode hyɛ mu yɛ asiane wɔ bere tenten mu, na mmom sɛ wunni sika a ɛgye mu ahoɔden a, ade a ɛbɛba mpofirim kan no bɛma woatɔn biribi wɔ bo biara a gua no de bɛma saa dapɛn no, na saa na gyinaesi pa a ɛfa bere tenten ho dan gyinaesi bɔne a ɛfa bere tiaa ho.
Sika a ɛgye mu ahoɔden yɛ gyinaesi a woasi dedaw
Deɛ enti a eyi ka sika a wonya pii ho na ɛnyɛ sika a wosie nko ara ho no ne sɛ, sika a ɛgye mu ahoɔden na ɛma woyɛ wo ho sɛ obi a ɔwɔ akwan pii. Wubetumi atwɛn adetɔ a ɛyɛ pa ara no. Wubetumi aka sɛ dabi akyerɛ ɔkliɛnt a otua ka akyire. Wubetumi agyaw adwuma a ɛgye wo pii sen deɛ ɛma wo. Obi a ne ka foforɔ biara a ɛbɛba bɛyɛ ahokyere no ntumi nyɛ eyinom mu biara, na ne nyinaa som bo sen sika a ɛda hɔ no ankasa.
Enti yi dodow no dapɛn yi, bue akontaabuo no, na hyehyɛ sika tu baako ma da a edi akatua da akyi. Ɛyɛ ɔsram baako ka a wutua daa, esua sen sɛnea wususuw, na ɛyɛ akokoduru a ne bo yɛ mmerɛw sen biara a wobɛtɔ da.
Nsɛm a wonyaa fii
- Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, An essential guide to building an emergency fund
- Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Emergency Savings and Financial Security: Insights from the Making Ends Meet Survey and Consumer Credit Panel
- Federal Reserve Board, Survey of Household Economics and Decisionmaking