Afotusɛm ntiantia
- Hyɛ no din: ɔbɔdenden a ɛtɔ so dubaako, wɔreyɛ nsa ho adwuma.
- Bisa adwenkyerɛ pɔtee baako, ɛnyɛ adwene.
- Kyerɛ nnipa baasa ansa na woakyerɛ ɔpedu mmiɛnsa.
Mfonini no awie. Ɛyɛ ɔbɔdenden a ɛtɔ so dubaako, nsa no yɛ fɛ sen sɛnea na ɛteɛ wɔ ɔbɔdenden a ɛtɔ so ɛnan mu, na wobɛtumi ahunu baabi a ɛda so ara nyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ no pefee. Kɔntrɔlnii no si nkyerɛkyerɛmu adaka no mu, na wo kokurobetie da so ara sensɛn wɔ mfiri a wɔde de si adwuma no so, adiban simma anan.
Ɛyɛ beaeɛ pa a wobɛgyina. Wode w'adwuma bɛto gua bɛreɛ a woresua deɛ no de biribi baako ba a wo nko woankyi ntumi anyɛ, ɛno ne sɛ nnipa foforɔ bɛde wɔn ani asi ɔhaw pɔtee a na woreyɛ ho adwuma no so. Ɛsan yɛ anammɔn a ɛyɛ mmerɛ sene biara a wobɛtumi de atwe akɔ akyi daadaa, na sɛ wode twe akɔ akyi a, ɛbɔ bo. Ano aduro no nyɛ akokoduru foforɔ. Ɛyɛ nhyehyɛeɛ, a wɔatwerɛ wɔ ɔline baako mu wɔ adwuma no atifi, a ɛka kyerɛ obiara deɛ ɔrehwɛ ne deɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wopɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ma wo.
Ɛkwan bɛn so na mede adwuma a mennya menhoo mu de apue?
Ka deɛ ɛyɛ ansa na obiara asusu: sɛnea woso ɔbɔdenden yi yɛ, deɛ na woresua, ne adeɛ baako a wopɛ sɛ wonya adwenkyerɛ wɔ ho. Ɔbɔdenden a wɔahyɛ din no nyɛ asɛm a ɛfa wo tumi ho, na mmom ɛyɛ nsato a wɔto frɛ obi ma ɔhwɛ ɔhaw a wɔahyɛ din ama, na nkurɔfoɔ gye tom kwan foforɔ koraa sen sɛnea wɔyɛ ma adwuma a wɔmfaa din nto so.
Nsusuiɛ a ɛhyɛ akyiri no ase no, mpɛn pii yɛ mfonini a nnipadɔm kɛseɛ rehwɛ w'adwuma mu yie na wɔreyi nsusuiɛ afa wo ho. Saa mfonini no yɛ mfomsoɔ mprenu, na wɔasusu mfomsoɔ mmienu no nyinaa. Thomas Gilovich, Victoria Medvec ne Kenneth Savitsky too deɛ ɛdi ɛkan no din sɛ spotlight effect: nnipa taa bu no kɛseɛ dodo sɛdeɛ afoforɔ hunu wɔn nneyɛeɛ ne wɔn su, ɛfiri sɛ yɛgyina yɛn ankasa osuahu a emu da hɔ no so, na yɛnkyerɛ nsakraeɛ a ɛfata sɛ obiara nka yɛn ho wɔ saa osuahu no mu.
Mfomsoɔ a ɛtɔ so mmienu no kɔ ɛkwan foforɔ so na ɛyɛ mfasoɔ kɛseɛ. Anna Bruk, Sabine Scholl ne Herbert Bless hunuu deɛ wɔfrɛ no beautiful mess effect: sɛ nnipa dwene sɛ wɔn ankasa reyi wɔn mmerɛyɛ adi a, wɔde wɔn adwene si sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ bɔne so, nanso sɛ wɔhwɛ obi foforɔ a ɔreyɛ ade korɔ no ara bi a, wɔbu no yie sene deɛ wɔsusuu. Wo ɔbɔdenden a ɛtɔ so dubaako, a wɔde nokorɛ din too so de apue no, nkurɔfoɔ hunu no sɛ akokoduru. Wo ara na ɛyɛ wo sɛ wode woho reda adi.
Ɛdeɛn ampa ara na ɛsɛ sɛ metwerɛ wɔ nkyerɛkyerɛmu no mu?
Nkyekyɛmu tiawa mmiɛnsa na biribiara nka ho: dodoɔ no, botaeɛ no, abisadeɛ no. "Ɔbɔdenden 11. Mereyɛ nsa ho adwuma, titiriw nsateaa ho mpempem. Sɛ wotwa mfonini a, ka biribi kyerɛ me fa kokurobetie no ho."
Dodoɔ no na ɔyɛ adwuma kɛseɛ. Ɛka kyerɛ nnipa sɛ yei yɛ ntoatoasoɔ mu adeyɛ baako na ɛnyɛ asɛm a awie koraa, na yei woyi gyinapɛn a anka wɔde bɛsusu deɛ efi ho dinn. Ɛsan de wo nkɔsoɔ si baabi a wobɛtumi ahunu. Botaeɛ no kyerɛ wɔn baabi a wɔnhwɛ, ɛno enti adwenkyerɛ a wobɛnya no bɛfa nsateaa mpempem ho na ɛnnyɛ deɛ ɛfa mfonini no nyinaa nkabom ho, deɛ na wonyɛ ho adwuma na wonntumi mfa nni dwuma seesei.
Abisadeɛ no ho hia sene biara, na ɛno nso ne deɛ nnipa gyaa akyire. "Wodwene sɛn?" frɛ atemmuo, na wɔntumi mfa atemmuo nyɛ hwee: worentumi nsua ade yiye nkɔ so nnaawɔtwe a ɛdi hɔ mu. Nsɛmmisa pɔtee baako frɛ nimdeɛ, na wɔbɛtumi de nimdeɛ afiri onipa baako akɔma foforɔ. Bisa deɛ ɛbɛma kokurobetie no ayɛ sɛ kokurobetie ankasa. Bisa deɛ ɛyɛ mmienu no mu deɛ ne nnwom su gyina pintinn. Sɛ abisadeɛ no yɛ ketewa a, na ɛkwan bɔne wɔ hɔ sɛ obi a ɔwɔ nimdeɛ ankasa bɛyi ano, ɛfiri sɛ abisadeɛ ketewa gye simma aduonu, na deɛ ɛtrɛ no gye krataa tenten a wɔnni ho berɛ.
Nnipa dodoɔ sɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhunu kane?
Baasa ansa na ɔpedu mmiɛnsa. Fa kɔ dan ketewa koraa a mu wɔ obiara koraa a ɔyɛ saa adeɛ no ampa, na tena hɔ nnawɔtwe pii ansa na wode akɔtrɛw mu.
Dan ketewa ma adwenkyerɛ pa ne asehweɛ a asiane nni mu. Kuo nkɔmmɔbɔ a nnipa baasa a wɔtwa mfonini wɔ mu no, ɔbɔdenden bɔne nya ano aduro pɔtee. Nanso adifoɔ platform so no, ɔbɔdenden korɔ no ara nya kommyɛ kɛkɛ, a ɛnkyerɛkyerɛ wo hwee na ɛte sɛ atemmuo. Baguam nso wɔ boɔ a worenhunu wɔ mfiaseɛ: sɛ atiefoɔ wɔ hɔ pɛ a, wofiti aseɛ paw ɔbɔdenden a wobɛda no adi, na paw a wopaw deɛ ɛyɛ fɛ no ne kwan a woda w'adesua adi de dane sɛ woreyɛ agoro wɔ baguam.
Si dan no da nkyerɛ. Nnipa mmienu anaa mmiɛnsa a wɔadi wo kan kakra ne obiara a ɔwɔ wo gyinabea no yɛ nhyehyɛeɛ pa sen ɔdomfoɔ baako a ɔntumi nsan mma. Di kan yɛ wo ho adi wɔ wɔn nkɔmmɔbɔ mu. Dan a woayɛ ho adwuma ɔbosome baako no bɛsan ama wo ɛda a wode adwuma no bɛto gua no; dan a woabɛka ho anɔpa yi de, ɛrenyɛ saa.
Deɛn na menyɛ sɛ adwenkyerɛ bi yɛ ya?
Ka meda woase, twerɛ adwenkyerɛ no, na nnyɛ ho hwee da baako. Twɛn a wotwɛn no te adwenkyerɛ no mu asɛm firi ne yaw no mu, na saa nneɛma mmienu yi bom ba, nanso ɛnhia sɛ wode wɔn bom di dwuma.
Adekyeɛ no, kyekyɛ adwenkyerɛ no mu kɔ ɛtuo mmiɛnsa mu baako. Deɛ mfasoɔ wɔ mu na ɛteɛ, kɔ tee ɔbɔdenden a ɛdi hɔ mu. Deɛ mfasoɔ wɔ mu nanso ɛnnya nnuruu berɛ, kɔ krataa a wobɛfa so wɔ berɛ a woakɔ akyiri no, ɛfiri sɛ afotuo pa pii fa wo daakye a ɛbɛba nnɔnhwerew ahanu akyi ho. Deɛ mfasoɔ nni mu, ɛba saa daa na ɛnyɛ hwee. Wobisaa asɛmmisa pɔtee baako; obiara a ɔbɛyi soɔ foforɔ no aka wo n'ankasa ho asɛm na ɛnyɛ w'adwuma ho asɛm.
Ɛkwan bɛn so na mɛka biribi afa obi foforɔ ɔbɔdenden a ɛtɔ so dubaako ho?
Bɔ deɛ ɔyɛɛ yie pɔtee no din, ɛnna sane bua abisadeɛ a ɔbisaeɛ ampa no. "Nsateaa mpempem no yɛ fɛ sene deɛ w'anka de akyerɛ, titiriw kwaseamu nsateaa no" som bo sene akoma aduonum, na ɛgye simma edu korɔ no ara.
Yei nyɛ nkyekyɛmu a ɛyɛ obu kwa anaa ɛyɛ mfonini a wɔde asiesie asɛm no. Ɛyɛ nyansa korɔ no ara a worebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛnya, a wɔreyɛ ho adwuma wɔ ɛfa foforɔ no so. Sɛ wobɛkamfo obi pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ n'adwuma mu yie kɔsi sɛ wobɛtumi aka deɛ asakra, ɛno ara ne adwene a woayɛ akwa sɛ wode ma wo deɛ, na ɛyɛ mmerɛ sɛ wobɛsua ade afiri obi foforɔ n'adwuma mu ɛfiri sɛ wo ara wo ho anisɔ nni mu.
Deɛ wobɛnya no nyɛ nhyehyɛeɛ nimdeɛ nko. Gallup adwumayɛ a wɔayɛ berɛ tenten fa nkamfoɔ ho hunuu sɛ US adwumayɛfoɔ baasa mu baako pɛ na ɔte nka koraa sɛ ɔnyaa nkamfoɔ anaa nkyerɛase pa wɔ adwuma pa ho wɔ nnanson a atwam mu, na sɛ wɔbisa nnipa sɛ wɔnkyerɛ nkamfoɔ a ɛka wɔn adwene mu papaapa a, sika nnyɛ mmuae a ɛdi kan. Nkamfoɔ pɔtee, a wɔyɛ no baguam, a wɔde din to so, ɛnyɛ deɛ ɛtaa ba, na deɛ ɔma no bɔ so kasamu baako pɛ.
Ɛkwan foforɔ wɔ hɔ a ɛbɔ bo kakra na ɛsom bo kɛseɛ koraa: bɔ obi din wɔ dan a ɔnni mu. Sɛ obi rehwehwɛ obi a ɔbɛtumi atwa nsa mfonini, anaasɛ ɔbɛtumi de nnwom abom, anaasɛ ɔbɛtumi asiesie mfomsoɔ wɔ mfiri mu a, sɛ ɔka sɛ "bisa no, ɔreyɛ eyi ara ho adwuma" a ɛyɛ adwuma mu asɛnkɛseɛ ma no na ɛyɛ kasamu baako pɛ ma wo. Dan a wode saa ɛkwan yi si no bɛyɛ dan a ɛbɛda hɔ ama wo ara wo ɔbɔdenden a ɛtɔ so dubaako.
Dan a wosi no, ɛno ara na wobɛnya
Yeinom mu biara mmisa sɛ nya akokoduru foforɔ. Ɛbisa sɛ da adi pefee, ɔline mmiɛnsa wɔ adwuma no atifi, ansa na wo kokurobetie asensɛn baabiara. Ka dodoɔ no, ka botaeɛ no, bisa asɛmmisa baako, na fa kɔma nnipa baasa a wɔyɛ saa adeɛ no.
Ɛnna toa so, ɛfiri sɛ deɛ enti a wɔsua ade wɔ baguam no nyɛ sɛ wɔbɛgye wo atom da biara. Ɛyɛ sɛ adwenkyerɛ a ɛfiri obi a wanya baabi a wowɔ mprempren no bɛtwa nnawɔtwe afiri ɔhaw a anka wode ɔbosome bɛsɛe ho. Na worentumi nnya saa adwenkyerɛ no gye sɛ woma obi hunu ɔbɔdenden a ɛtɔ so dubaako. Fa nsɛnkyerɛnne pii de apue sen deɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw ma wo na fa apue ntɛm, ma gyinapɛn a ɛkorɔn ntena wɔ kokoam, na yɛ deɛ ɛteɛ wɔ afoforɔ adwuma ho wɔ berɛ a woreyɛ eyi.
Afe akyi no, deɛ ɛyɛ mfasoɔ no renyɛ likes. Ɛbɛyɛ nnipa baanan a wonim deɛ ampa woresua no yiye na wɔbɛka nokorɛ akyerɛ wo wɔ kasamu baako mu.
Nsuti
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Kanea a ɛhyerɛn wɔ nnipadɔm atemmuo mu: adwene a ɛfa wo ho a ɛma wobu wo ankasa nneyɛeɛ ne wo su kɛseɛ dodo
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Ahoɔfɛ basabasayɛ nkɛntɛnso: nsonsonoeɛ a ɛda wo ne afoforɔ ntam wɔ mmerɛyɛ a wɔda no adi ho atemmuo mu
- Gallup, Nkyerɛase a Adwumayɛfoɔ Nkamfoɔ Ho Hia: Boɔ Nkakraa, Nkɛntɛnso Kɛseɛ