Ɔhuu ne ho sɛ ɔrekyerɛw asɛm a ɔde bɛbɔ amanneɛ no ansa na wayɛ adwuma no mu biara. Ná adwuma no mu nkyekyɛm baako mpo nni hɔ, nanso nkyerɛwde no nkyekyɛm abien a edi kan no na ayɛ fɛ dedaw. Ɔtenaa ase kakra dwennwenee ho, efisɛ na ɛyɛ nsɛm a mfaso wɔ so paa fa nhyehyɛe a n'ani agye ho bosome baako ho.
Ɛnyɛ suban mu mfomso. Sɛ wopɛ sɛ nnipa hu nea woasi a, ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata, na mpɛn pii ɛboa wo. Obi a ɔmpɛ anuonyam koraa no, mpɛn pii ɔnsi nneɛma pii na ɔnkyɛ so nso. Nanso sɛ worebɛhyɛ mfe anum wɔ biribi mu a, ɛfata sɛ wuhu nhyehyɛe no fa a ɛyɛ adwuma no ne fa a ɛyɛ nnipa a wɔrehwɛ no. Nnwuma bi wɔ hɔ a ɛtetew wɔn mu wɔ bɛyɛ simma du mu, na ɛgyina nkyekyɛm abien ne nnawɔtwe a etwaa mu no kalɛnda so, ɛnyɛ akoma mu ahwehwɛmu tenten biara so.
Mɛyɛ dɛn ahu nea mebu no som bo ankasa, ɛnyɛ nea meka sɛ mebu no som bo?
Hwɛ nea woayɛ dedaw wɔ nnawɔtwe a etwaa mu no mu, ɛnyɛ nea wopɛ sɛ woyɛ afe a ɛreba no mu. Afei bisa ade biara ho sɛ hena na ohuu, na hwɛ nea aka bere a mmuae nokwafo no yɛ sɛ obiara anhu.
Adwene a yɛwɔ daakye ho nyɛ nhwɛso pa. Wo a woahome, wo ho nkyere wo, na worefa no sɛ ahɔho a wɔn ani gye wo ho rehwɛ wo, ɔno na ɔkyerɛw. Nnawɔtwe a etwaa mu no yɛ nhwɛso ankasa, wɔfaa no wɔ tebea ankasa mu, a ɔbrɛ ankasa wom. Enti bue kalɛnda no na kyerɛw nkyekyɛm a edi kan no mu, biribiara a woyɛe a na obiara nhyɛɛ wo: ade a wokenkanee, ade a wusiesiei a na ɛnyɛ wo de, dɔnhwerew a wode dii obi haw ho dwuma, nkyɛn adwuma, nkyerɛwde foforo, ne asɛm a wopaee.
Ma ɛnyɛ nneɛma a wo ara wopaw no nkutoo. Nneɛma du kosi dunum yɛ nhyehyɛe pa. Nsesa mu na ama ayɛ fɛ, efisɛ nea ɛyɛ dɛ ma yɛn no ara ne nea saa nnwuma yi wɔ hɔ sɛ ɛyi fi hɔ.
Dɛn na ɛkɔ nkyekyɛm a ɛto so abien no mu?
Edin, ɛnyɛ akuw. Kyerɛw nnipa ankasa a wohui sɛ woyɛe, na afei hyɛ ade biara ho agyiraehyɛde sɛ anka wobɛyɛ saa ara bere a saa din no nni hɔ koraa.
Ɛha na nnwuma yi gyae dwudwo na efi ase boa. "Fekuw no" nyɛ din. "LinkedIn" nyɛ din. Kyerɛw Marcus, wo panyin, wo nuabea, nnipa baanan a wɔwɔ nkitahodi kwan no so. Nneɛma bi benya din asia, na afoforo rennya biara, na nea ɛnnya din biara no ne nea saa asɛm yi nyinaa fa ho.
Dan Ariely, Anat Bracha ne Stephan Meier kyerɛwee wɔ American Economic Review mu sɛ nnipa yɛɛ papa pii bere a nnipa hu wɔn adɔeyɛ, na sɛ wotua nnipa ka sɛ wɔnyɛ papa a, ɛma nea wɔyɛ no kokoam mu no kɔ soro sen nea nnipa hu no. Sɛ nnipa rehwɛ a, wɔn na wɔretua ka no dedaw. Ɛnyɛ animguase ade a ɛfa nnipasu ho. Ɛyɛ nsusuwii a wubetumi de asusuw wo ara w'asetena wɔ simma du mu, na ɛkyerɛ wo bɔhyɛ ahorow a wowɔ no mu nea ɛsoa adesoa ankasa.
Na sɛ nneɛma no nyinaa bɛyɛ wu wɔ nkyekyɛm a ɛto so abien no mu a?
Ɛno ne nea ɛtaa ba, na ɛnyɛ atemmu a ɛfa wo suban ho. Yɛn mu dodow no ara nam nnipa a wɔhwɛ yɛn no so na ɛkɔ, na nnwuma yi botae ne sɛ wubehu ade baako anaa abien a ɛnte saa.
Adwuma dodow no ara, ɛfata sɛ nnipa foforo hu. Ɛno ne adwuma: wosi biribi, obi hu, ɔtua wo ka anaa ɔma wo kɔ soro anaa ɔfa wo bio. Nkyekyɛm a ɛto so abien a edin ayɛ mu ma no kyerɛ sɛ wowɔ adwuma na wo ne nnipa bɔ, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wo mu da mpan. Nea worehwehwɛ ne nkae ketewa no, nnyinasoɔ abien anaa abiɛsa a anka wobɛyɛ wɔ ofie a obiara nni mu, efisɛ ɛno nkutoo na ɛbɛkɔ so bere a biribiara ayɛ den na obiara mmɔ wo mpo.
Sɛ nkae no yɛ hwee ankasa a, nnyina so nyɛ atemmu kɛse biara. Yɛ bio wɔ nnawɔtwe foforo so, na fa ade baako a obiara renhu ka nnawɔtwe a ɛreba no ho na hwɛ nea ɛbɛba.
Sɛ mepɛ sɛ nnipa hwɛ me a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ meyɛ ɔdaadaafo?
Dabi. Anuonyam yɛ ade a ɛkanyan nnipa ampa, na nhwehwɛmu no yɛ anigye sen sɛnea nnipa taa de mmara bu saa asɛm yi atɛn.
Edward Deci, Richard Koestner ne Richard Ryan hwɛɛ nhwehwɛmu 128 mu wɔ Psychological Bulletin mu, na wohui sɛ akyɛde a wɔde ma nnipa sɛ wɔayɛ adwuma bi no tew wɔn akoma mu anigye a wɔwɔ wɔ adwuma no ho so, na aseda a wɔka de wɔn ano no mmom ma ɛkɔ soro. Sɛ obi ka kyerɛ wo sɛ w'adwuma yɛ fɛ a, ɛyɛ ahoɔden. Sɛ wotua wo ka wɔ ade biara a woyɛ so a, ɛtaa dan ade a na wopɛ sɛ woyɛ no kɔyɛ ade a woyɛ ma sika. Self-determination theory, nhwehwɛmu kɛse a Ryan ne Deci kyekyeree wɔ saa nsɛm no so no kyerɛ sɛ, akoma mu kanyan a ɛtena hɔ daa ne nea ahofadi ne nimdeɛ ka ho.
Na ɛno ne asɛm no mu titiriw. Wowɔ ho kwan sɛ wopɛ nnipa a wɔhwɛ wo. Nea ɛsɛ nkutoo ne sɛ, ade baako pɛ mpo wɔ w'adwuma mu a ɛnyɛ nsam bɔ na etua ho ka, efisɛ ɛno ne ade a ɛkɔ so bere a nsam bɔ no gyae.
Ade a ɛkae no mu dɛn na menni kan?
Nea ɛsua koraa, saa nnawɔtwe yi ara, wɔ kɛse a wubetumi awie ankasa. Nea ɛfa dɔnhwerew abien a woyɛ Memeneda anɔpa no kyerɛ wo pii sen mfe anum nhyehyɛe a wokɔ so ka ho asɛm wɔ adidibere.
Mfomso bi wɔ ha a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛbɔ ne din. Nnipa wie saa nnwuma yi, wohu ade a anka wɔbɛyɛ a obiara nhwɛ wɔn, na ntɛm ara wɔma ɛdan nhyehyɛe kɛse a ehia akwamma, ɔboafo ne kurow foforo. Afei nhyehyɛe no mfi ase da, na wɔde nnwuma no si hɔ sɛ ɛyɛ anigye asɛm, ɛnyɛ ade a wɔyɛ ho biribi. Yɛ ne ntia. Fa ade a ɛkae no na twa so kosi sɛ ebefi nnawɔtwe awiei mu, na yɛ no pɛnkoro a wompae ho asɛm. Sɛ ɛda so ara yɛ anigye Memeneda a ɛto so abien no a, ɛnde ɛyɛ nokware, na wubetumi ama no baabi pa wɔ kalɛnda no so.
Afei yɛ ne nyinaa bio wɔ asram abiɛsa akyi. Ɛnyɛ ade a wuhu no pɛnkoro, ɛyɛ nsusuwii adwinnade, na wɔde adwinnade susuw ade mpɛn pii.
Ade a wɔmpae ho asɛm da
Ade baako wɔ hɔ a ɛfa nkyekyɛm a ɛto so abien no mu ntɛm ara, na ɛfata sɛ wosɔ hwɛ ansa na woasi gyinae sɛ wugye eyi nyinaa di anaa. Gyina obi akyi a wammisa. Ka ne din wɔ dan a onni mu mu, wɔ ade bi a onnim sɛ ɛrekɔ so ho, na afei nka nkyerɛ obiara, ɔno mpo ka ho.
Biribiara mmoa wo. Asɛm a wopae nni hɔ, mmuae nni hɔ, aseda nni hɔ, nkyerɛwde nni wo nhwehwɛmu krataa so. Wɔ bɛyɛ sikan anan mu fi bere a wusii gyinae sɛ wobɛyɛ no, wubehu sɛ ade a woka sɛ wobu no som bo no tumi tena hɔ bere a obiara nhwɛ anaa, na wubehu wɔ kasamu baako pɛ bo. Ɛno ne nsɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ nokware na ne bo yɛ mmerɛw sen biara wɔ krataa yi so, na ɛno nkutoo nso yɛ adɔe ma obi foforo.
Ɛho nhia sɛ wodan onipa a ɔyɛ komm anaa ketewa ansa na woatumi. Sɛ wuhu nea anka wobɛyɛ bere a obiara nhwɛ wo no, ɛnyɛ sɛ wubegyae anuonyam pɛ. Ɛyɛ sɛ afiri a ɛwɔ wo ase no mu baako pɛ mpo bɛkɔ so adi dwuma nna a obiara nhwɛ, efisɛ onipa a ɔwɔ afiri abien tumi pia denneennen na ɔkyɛ sen nea ɔwɔ baako.
Nsɛm a efi mu bae
- American Economic Review, Doing Good or Doing Well? Image Motivation and Monetary Incentives in Behaving Prosocially
- Psychological Bulletin, A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation
- Self-Determination Theory, Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being