Umngane wakho wathi ukusho ngendlela mayelana nemali yakhe yezimo eziphuthumayo, wabe usubona ukuthi unenhloso eqinile yokonga kodwa awunalo neze ulwazi lokuthi kufanele kube yini umgomo wokuqala. Kuyindawo enhle ukuma kuyo, ngoba lo mbuzo unempendulo yangempela, futhi impendulo incane kunaleyo obuyibalekela.
Iseluleko esiningi siqala ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha zezindleko, okuyiqiniso ekugcineni kodwa okungasizi lutho namuhla. Uma uqala kuqanda, izinyanga ezintathu akuwona umgomo, kuwudonga, kanti umgomo ongakwazi ukuzibona uwufinyelela uwumgomo owuyeka buthule ukuwufaka imali ngesonto lesihlanu. Ngakho umgomo wokuqala yinyanga eyodwa yezindleko zakho ezingaguquki, ukugcinwe kwiakhawunti eyahlukene ongenalo ikhadi layo. Le ndaba ikhuluma ngokuthi kungakanani, iyiphi iakhawunti, ungayifaka kanjani imali lapho ngaphandle kokuncika kumandla entando, nokuthi le nto isetshenziswani ngempela, okuyingxenye cishe okungekho oyichazayo.
Kufanele ibe ngakanani imali yami yokuqala yezimo eziphuthumayo?
Inyanga eyodwa yezindleko zakho ezingaguquki. Hhayi inyanga eyodwa yemali engenayo, futhi hhayi inyanga eyodwa yakho konke okuchithe ngenyanga edlule: indawo yokuhlala, ugesi namanzi, umshwalense, ezokuthutha, izinkokhelo ezincane zezikweletu nokudla okujwayelekile, kuhlanganiswe kanye.
Leyo nombolo ivamise ukuba ncane kakhulu kunalokho abantu abakulindele, ngoba izindleko ezingaguquki ziyingxenye eyodwa nje yalokho okuchithayo, futhi ukuba ncane yikho okubalulekile. Iyafinyeleleka phakathi konyaka kubantu abaningi abonga inani abakwazi ukulikhokha njalo ngosuku lweholo, futhi ukuyifinyelela yikho okufakazela ukuthi umshini uyasebenza. IConsumer Financial Protection Bureau iyala ukusho inombolo eyodwa efanele wonke umuntu ngenxa yaso kanye lesi sizathu futhi itshela abantu ukuthi balinganise umgomo wabo ngezindleko zabo zangaphambili ezingalindelekile, okungumyalelo ongcono kunanoma yimuphi umthetho ovamile.
Yibhale phansi le nombolo njengenombolo ecacile esikhundleni sombono. Isivikelo semali esiyizinkulungwane ezimbili namakhulu amabili ngumgomo. Isivikelo semali sezinyanga ezimbalwa zezindleko siyisifiso.
Kufanele ngiyigcine kuyiphi iakhawunti?
Iakhawunti yokonga eyahlukene ebhange noma kwi-credit union, engenalo ikhadi futhi engenayo indlela emfushane esikrinini sakho seselula. Lokhu kubambezeleka akukona ukuhlobisa, yikho wonke umklamo.
Zintathu izidingo, akukho okunye. Imali kufanele iphephe, okusho ukuthi ifakwe endaweni evikelekile futhi ingatshalwa entweni engawa ngalona lelo sonto oyidinga ngalo. Kufanele ifinyeleleke phakathi kosuku noma ezimbili, ngoba isivikelo semali ongakwazi ukusifinyelela ngesonto elibi asisona isivikelo. Futhi kufanele ihlukaniswe nemali oyisebenzisayo, ngoba imali ehlala kwiakhawunti yakho yansuku zonke ichithwa ngoLwesine ojwayelekile kungenziwanga sinqumo ngayo.
Inzalo iyisipho esihle futhi akuyona injongo. Uyozuza okuncane kakhulu enyangeni eyodwa yezindleko ezingaguquki, futhi ukujaha izinga elingcono kancane yikho kanye ukulungisa okugcina abantu bengenalutho omunye unyaka. Vula iakhawunti kunoma yiliphi ibhange ongavula kulo kuleli sonto, bese uyishintsha kamuva uma ufisa.
Qamba iakhawunti ngegama elilula nelicacile, uma ibhange lakho likuvumela. Ibhalansi ebhalwe ngokuthi isivikelo semali kunzima kakhulu ukuyihlasela ngoLwesihlanu ebusuku kunebhalansi efanayo ebhalwe ngokuthi ukonga, ngoba igama liphendula umbuzo obuyophikisana ngawo nawe uqobo.
Ngiyifaka kanjani ngempela imali lapho?
Yenza ukuthi kube nokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo ngosuku olulandela usuku lweholo, futhi ungalokothi ulwenze ngosuku olwandulelayo. Kubeke, bese ukuyeka: iConsumer Financial Protection Bureau ithi ukudlulisa okuphindaphindwayo kusuka kwiakhawunti yansuku zonke kuye kwiyokonga kungenye yezindlela ezilula kakhulu zokwenza ukonga kuhambe njalo, futhi kuwushintsho olulodwa olunesilinganiso esihle kunazo zonke somzamo uqhathaniswa nomphumela kwezezimali zomuntu siqu.
Usuku olulandela usuku lweholo lubaluleke kakhulu kunenani. Imali ehanjiswe ngaphambi kokuthi uyibheke iakhawunti yakho yimali ongazange ube nethuba lokuba nemizwa ngayo, kanti yimizwa emisa ukudluliswa. Qala ngenani eliyisicefe ngempela. Uma amashumi amabili nanhlanu ngosuku lweholo eyisicefe kanti amakhulu amabili ekwesabisa, qala ngamashumi amabili nanhlanu, ngoba ukudlulisa okuncane okusinda unyaka wonke kungcono kunokukhulu okukhanselwa ngoMashi.
Kunezinto ezimbili ezisheshisayo, uma uzifuna. Khuphula lokho okudlulisayo mhla iholo lakho likhuphuka, ngaphambi kokuthi ukusebenzisa kwakho imali kuthole ithuba lokunyakaza kuqala. Bese uthumela imali engajwayelekile ngqo ngokufika kwayo: imali ebuyiselwayo, ibhonasi, imbuyiselo, noma yini ebingekho esigqiini sakho senyanga futhi engeke ikhunjulwe.
Isetshenziswani ngempela le mali eyisivikelo?
Ikuthengela isinqumo. Isivikelo semali asikuvimbi isimanga, sivimba isimanga ekubeni sibe yisinqumo esithathwa ngehora leshumi nanye ebusuku uphethe ikhadi lesikweletu.
Yiyona yonke inzuzo leyo, futhi ibiza kakhulu kunenzalo iakhawunti eyoke iyikhokhe. Uma unenyanga eyodwa ebhange, ukulungisa imoto kuwukuthenga. Ngaphandle kwayo, ukulungisa okufanayo kuyisikweletu, kuyimali yenhlawulo, kuyinkokhelo eyephuza kwenye indawo namasonto amathathu okunaka okuhlukene obukudinga emsebenzini wakho wangempela. Ucwaningo lweConsumer Financial Protection Bureau ngokonga kwezimo eziphuthumayo lwathola umehluko obabazekayo emlandweni wesikweletu, ezikweletini, ekukwazini ukufeza izibopho zezimali nasempilweni yezimali phakathi kwemizi enamazinga ahlukene okonga, kanti inhlolovo yaminyaka yonke yeFederal Reserve ngezimali zemizi ikhona ukuze ilandelele yona kanye leyo ngozi.
Isivikelo semali futhi siwumehluko phakathi kokufisa ukusiza umuntu nokukwazi ukumsiza ngempela: unenyanga eyodwa yezindleko ezingaguquki ebhange ungakhokhela ithikithi lendiza lomngane noma ususe ibhili etafuleni lomuntu buthule ngaphandle kokuthi kube yisimo sakho esiphuthumayo ngesonto elilandelayo.
Kufanele ngisuke nini enyangeni eyodwa ngiye ezintathu?
Uma leyo nyanga eyodwa isihlale ingathintwanga ikota yonke futhi ukudluliselwa kwemali kungazange kudinge namunye umzamo wamandla entando. Lolo uphawu lokuthi umshini uyasebenza, futhi yilapho kuphela umgomo omkhulu uba yicebo esikhundleni sesifiso.
Bese ukhulisa umgomo esikhundleni somzamo. Izinyanga ezintathu ziyisinyathelo esilandelayo esijwayelekile, kanti eziyisithupha zinengqondo uma imali yakho engenayo ingalingani, uzisebenza noma unguwena wedwa oletha imali ekhaya. Gcina iakhawunti efanayo, usuku lokudlulisa olufanayo nomthetho ofanayo mayelana nekhadi. Akukho okushintshayo ngendlela, kushintsha umugqa wokugcina kuphela.
Into eyodwa ongafanele uyenze: ungaqali ukutshala imali ngaphambi kokuthi inyanga yokuqala ibe khona. Hhayi ngoba ukutshala imali kuyingozi esikhathini eside, kodwa ngoba ngaphandle kwesivikelo isimanga sokuqala sikhokhelwa ngokuthengisa into ngenoma yiliphi inani imakethe ephuma nalo ngalelo sonto, okuyindlela isinqumo esihle sesikhathi eside esiphenduka ngayo esibi sesikhathi esifushane.
Isivikelo semali siyisinqumo osuvele usithathile
Isizathu sokuthi kungani lokhu kungena esigabeni esimayelana nokwenza imali eyengeziwe, hhayi ukonga kuphela, ukuthi isivikelo semali yikho okukuvumela ukuthi wenze njengomuntu onezinketho. Ungalinda isivumelwano esingcono. Ungaliphika ikhasimende elikhokha sekwephuzile. Ungawushiya umsebenzi okubiza okungaphezu kwalokho okukhokhelayo. Akukho kulokhu okutholakala kumuntu obhili lakhe elilandelayo elingalindelekile lingaba yisimo esiphuthumayo, futhi konke kubiza kakhulu kunebhalansi uqobo.
Ngakho khetha inombolo kuleli sonto, vula iakhawunti, bese ubeka ukudlulisa okukodwa ngosuku olulandela usuku lweholo. Kuyinyanga eyodwa yezindleko ezingaguquki, kuncane kunalokho okucabangayo, futhi kuyisibindi esishibhe kunazo zonke oyoke usithenge.
Imithombo
- Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, An essential guide to building an emergency fund
- Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Emergency Savings and Financial Security: Insights from the Making Ends Meet Survey and Consumer Credit Panel
- Federal Reserve Board, Survey of Household Economics and Decisionmaking