Uchithe iminyaka emibili uba nekhono elikhulu ngethuluzi elithile. Wawazi izingxenye zalo ezingabhalwe muntu, wawuwumuntu abanye ababeza kuye, kwathi ezinyangeni ezingaba yisishiyagalombili leyo nto yashintshwa, kwahamba nengxenye enkulu yalokho owawukwazi.
Leso akusona isizathu sokuyeka ukubeka ithemba lakho ekhonweni. Kuyisizathu sokuqaphela ukuthi ubeka ithemba lakho kuphi. Amanye amakhono ahlala eduze kwamathuluzi awo aphelelwe yisikhathi nawo. Amanye ahlala ngaphansi kwamathuluzi futhi anda ngenani njalo lapho ingaphezulu lishintsha, ngoba abantu abanawo bangathatha noma yini efika ngokulandelayo ezinsukwini eziyishumi nane babe usizo kuyo ekupheleni kwenyanga. Le ndaba imayelana nokuhlukanisa lawo mahlangothi amabili ngaphambi kokuba uchithe ishumi leminyaka, nangalokho lokhu kwehlukanisa okucela ukuba ukwenze ngoMsombuluko ekuseni.
Yimaphi amakhono azobe esabalulekile eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo?
Yilawo umsuka wawo ongahlali ngaphakathi kwethuluzi. Ukwahlulela ukuthi yini efanele yenziwe, ukunambitheka, ukubhala ngokucacile, ukufunda abantu, ukufundisa, ukuxoxisana, nokusebenza ngokunembile ngezandla zakho konke kungamakhono lapho ochwepheshe abakhulu bango-1995 bebesazoba ngochwepheshe abakhulu nanamuhla, bephethe amathuluzi ahlukene.
Ezomnotho zikuqinisekisa lokhu ngokucace ngaphezu kokulindelekile. UDavid Deming noKadeem Noray, belandelela imisebenzi yaseMelika, bathola ukuthi inzuzo eyayiphakeme yamaziko emfundo ezobuchwepheshe iyehla ngaphezu kwesigamu phakathi neshumi leminyaka lokuqala emsebenzini, ikakhulukazi ngoba ulwazi lobuchwepheshe kuleyo misebenzi luyaqhubeka lushintsha ngaphansi kwalabo abalufundile. Iziqu azibanga zimbi. Ulwazi oluqondile yilona lwaguga.
Kuyilapho amakhono ahlala ngaphansi ehambe ngendlela ehlukile. Kolunye ucwaningo lwemakethe yabasebenzi yaseMelika, uDeming wathola ukuthi imisebenzi edinga ukuxhumana okukhulu nabantu yakhula cishe ngamaphesenti ayishumi nambili njengengxenye yabasebenzi phakathi kuka-1980 no-2012, nokuthi ukukhula kwemisebenzi namaholo kwakuqine kakhulu emisebenzini edinga ikhono eliphezulu lezibalo kanye nekhono eliphezulu lokuxhumana nabantu. Ukufunda igumbi akusiyo into engeziwe ethambile. Ngokwezibalo, kungenye yezinto eziqinile kunazo zonke ongaba nazo.
Ngilihlukanisa kanjani ithuluzi nekhono?
Zibuze umbuzo owodwa: lokhu bekusazoba nomthelela yini uma isofthiwe yanamuhla inyamalala kusasa? Uma impendulo yeqiniso ingu-cha, uphethe ithuluzi. Uma ingu-yebo, futhi ubuzodinga nje enye indlela yokukuveza, uphethe ikhono.
Kusebenzise esontweni lakho lokhu kucace ngendlela ekhathazayo. Ukwazi ukuthi isilungiselelo sihlala kuyiphi ikhasi kuyithuluzi. Ukwazi ukuthi kungani leso silungiselelo singafanele kulo msebenzi kuyikhono. Ukwazi ulimi lwekhompyutha kuyithuluzi; ukwazi ukuhlukanisa inkinga enkulu ibe yizingcezu ongaziqinisekisa kuyikhono. Ukushesha ohlelweni olulodwa lokuhlela ividiyo kuyithuluzi; ukwazi ukuthi indaba imlahlekelaphi umbukeli kuyikhono.
UKaʻohele Carlos, owasungula i-KEEP CALM, uchithe umsebenzi omude kwezokwakheka enkampanini enkulu yezobuchwepheshe, indawo lapho amathuluzi aqala ngawo asashintshiwe izikhathi eziningi kodwa ukwahlulela akwakhile kungakashintshi. Yilokho isivivinyo sisebenza empilweni yangempela kunasemcabangweni nje, futhi yisona sizathu sokuthi lesi sihloko sigcizelelaphi.
Ngakho kufanele ngiyeke ukufunda amathuluzi amasha?
Cha. Wafunde ngokushesha, ungawabambeleli. Amathuluzi yindlela ikhono elithinta ngayo umhlaba, ngakho umuntu onokwahlulela okuhle kodwa engenalo ithuluzi lamanje akasizi kakhulu kule kota.
Ushintsho lusendleleni owafunda ngayo nakulokho okufaka kuwo ngokwakho. Nikeza ithuluzi elisha isonto lokulisebenzisa ngokugxila, ngokungakhululeki kancane, uhlose ukukhiqiza umsebenzi owodwa wangempela, esikhundleni sezinyanga ezintathu zezifundo ezihlose ukwazi konke. Funda amaphesenti angamashumi amabili ozowasebenzisa nsuku zonke, wazi ukuthi imibhalo yosizo ikuphi, bese uyayeka.
Bese wenqaba ukwenza lelo thuluzi ubuwena. Ngesikhathi ithuluzi liba yilokho oyikho kunokuba libe yilokho ophethe kwamanje, ukushabalala kwalo kuba yinhlekelele yakho, uzozithola uvikela into esidlule isikhathi sokuyivikela. Amathuluzi kufanele afundwe ngokushesha futhi abanjwe ngokukhululekile. Abantu abadlula kalula kushintsho akubona labo abaqagela kahle ukuthi yiliphi ithuluzi elizonqoba. Yilabo abangalokothanga baphambanise ithuluzi nomsebenzi ngokwawo.
Ikhono leminyaka eyishumi libukeka kanjani ngoMsombuluko?
Libukeka njengomsebenzi wakho ovamile, kodwa kunoshintsho olulodwa: uzijwayeza into esemsukeni ngamabomu ngenkathi wenza into esobala noma kunjalo. Ikhono akusona isifundo esihlukile osifunda kusihlwa, kuyizinga olisebenzisa emisebenzini esivele iphambi kwakho.
Nazi izibonelo ezingabizi lutho. Uma ikhono kungukubhala ngokucacile, thatha idokhumenti elilodwa ngesonto obuzolithumela noma kunjalo bese uliphungula ngesithathu ngaphambi kokulithumela. Uma kungukwahlulela, bhala isinqumo sakho ngaphambi kokuba umphumela waziwe bese ubuye ufunde ngemva kwenyanga, okuyiyona kuphela indlela ukwahlulela okuthola ngayo amaphuzu. Uma kungukufunda abantu, chitha umhlangano owodwa ngesonto ungakhulumi lutho ubheka ukuthi ubani ngempela oyenzile isinqumo. Uma kungukufundisa, hambisa umuntu oyedwa entweni eyodwa ngendlela ephelele kule nyanga kunokuthumela ilinki.
Ngayinye yalezo ithatha ihora noma ngaphansi kwalo phakathi komsebenzi obuzowenza noma kunjalo. Iminyaka eyishumi yalokho kungukuzijwayeza okukhulu kakhulu, futhi akukho kukho okudinga ekuseni okukhululekile umuntu osebenzayo angenakho.
Kuyingozi yini ukuzibophezela ishumi leminyaka entweni eyodwa?
Kuyingozi encane kunenye indlela, inqobo nje uma into ozibophezela kuyo kuyikhono hhayi ithuluzi. Iminyaka eyishumi yokwahlulela, ukunambitheka nokuchaza ngokucacile ayipheli lapho umkhiqizo uphela. Iminyaka eyishumi ngaphakathi kwamamenyu omkhiqizo owodwa kungukubeka ithemba lakho ohlelweni lwenkampani eyodwa.
Kukhona nesiqiniseko esicacile ngokuthi ngubani oqeda izinto ezinde. UAngela Duckworth nozakwabo, becwaninga ukuthi yini eyayibikezela abantu abaqeda izinhlelo ezinzima ngempela, bathola ukuthi okwakubikezela kwakuwukubekezela nothando lwezinhloso zesikhathi eside olubanjelelwe iminyaka kunokushisekela esontweni elilodwa. Ingozi ekuzibophezeleni iminyaka eyishumi kuvame ukungabi ukuthi umkhakha ushintshile. Kuvame ukuba ukuthi wake waqala kabusha izikhathi ezine, awuze wadlula unyaka wesibili nakweyodwa.
Ngakho gcina umbono wesikhathi eside uyeke ukuwuphinda uwucabangele njalo ngesonto. Isivivinyo senziwa kanye ngonyaka, hhayi nsuku zonke. Kanye ngonyaka, zibuze ukuthi umsuka wale nto usabalulekile yini nokuthi ubungaphinda uyikhethe yini, futhi uma impendulo ithi yebo, thoba ikhanda unyaka omunye uvumele amathuluzi enze noma yini amathuluzi ayenzayo.
Ukubeka ithemba esikhathini eside yikho ukuba nesifiso esikhulu
Ukubeka ithemba ekhonweni leminyaka eyishumi akusiyo indlela yokuqaphela futhi akufanele ibhalwe kanjalo. Kuyinketho enzima, eyomplisela, ngoba iyayidela impumelelo ebonakalayo yesikhashana yokuba ngowokuqala entweni entsha, ithole ukuba ngumuntu wonke umuntu amdingayo ngonyaka wesishiyagalombili, lapho into entsha isindala futhi ukwazi ukuthi wenzeni ngayo sekuyivelakancane.
Wathathe ngokungathi sína amathuluzi uwafunde ngokushesha. Bese uchitha amahora angempela ngaphansi kwawo, kuleyo ngxenye okungekho ongayibeka eceleni: ukunambitheka okwazi okufanele kwakhiwe, umusho owenza umqondo onzima ufike, ukufunda igumbi, isandla esazi ukuthi into ozoyisebenza izokwenzani ngokulandelayo.
Amathuluzi ashintsha njalo eminyakeni embalwa. Lokho okwakhayo ngempela kuthatha iminyaka eyishumi, futhi kusengokwakho ekugcineni.
Imithombo
- National Bureau of Economic Research, STEM Careers and the Changing Skill Requirements of Work
- National Bureau of Economic Research, The Growing Importance of Social Skills in the Labor Market
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Grit: perseverance and passion for long-term goals