Kuvulekile amathebhu amabili. Elinye yisifundo solimi obulokhu ulifisa iminyaka, elinye yikilasi lokubaza umuthi elimizuzu eyishumi ukusuka ekhaya lakho, futhi womabili angokoqobo. Unayo imali, usuthole cishe amahora amahlanu ngesonto, futhi usulungele ukubeka isiqephu esibalulekile sempilo yakho ekubeni umuntu okwaziyo ngempela ukwenza into ethile.
Into eyodwa ekuvimbayo ukuthi awukwazi ukukhetha, futhi ngesikhathi ungakhethi, lawo mahora amahlanu awayi ndawo. Le yinkinga enhle futhi ifanelwe uhlelo hhayi ukuphonsa uhlweza. Ukukhetha kahle akumayelana nokuthola umsebenzi owodwa weqiniso wempilo yakho. Kumayelana nokukhetha ukubheja okunokukhula okukhulu kunakho konke, ukwenza uvivinyo olufushane lwangempela ngaphambi kokuzibophezela kunoma yini ongayikhumbula, bese uvala umbuzo ukuze ukunaka kwakho kuyeke ukuvuza kuye kulelo thebhu ongalikhethanga.
Ngingakhetha kanjani ikhono elilodwa uma amathathu engithakazelisa?
Bhala phansi izinto ezintathu ongazikhetha, wenze ngayinye amasonto amabili ngala mahora onawo ngempela, bese uzibophezela kuleyo obulokhu uyivula ngaphandle kokuxoxisana nawe. Amasonto amabili amade ngokwanele ukuze ubumnandi bokuqala buphele, futhi mafushane ngokwanele ukuthi awukalahli lutho olungakukhathaza.
Kunesizathu sokuthi kungani okuthathu kuyinombolo efanele. Into eyodwa ayikuniki lutho ongaqhathanisa nakho, ngakho awukwazi ukwahlukanisa intshiseko ekufanelekeni, futhi uzoqhubeka uzibuza ngendlela ongayihambanga unyaka wonke. Okuhlanu noma okuyisithupha kwenza ukukhetha uqobo kube yiwona msebenzi wokuzilibazisa, futhi yileyo ndlela lesi sinqumo esigwenywa ngayo iminyaka eyishumi.
Ngesikhathi wenza lolu vivinyo, bhala into engalindelekile ngamabomu. Ungabhali injabulo, ngoba yonke into iyajabulisa ngesonto lokuqala. Bhala ukuthi ngabe uyivulile yini ngosuku obukhathele ngalo, ukuthi ngabe uke wacabanga ngayo yini ngesikhathi wenza okunye, nokuthi kwakuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuqala uma usuhlezi phansi. Lezo zinto ezintathu zikutshela okuningi ngeminyaka emibili ezayo kunokuthi iseshini yokuqala yayizizwa injani.
Yini eyenza ikhono lifanelwe iminyaka emibili kunezinyanga ezimbili?
Kunezivivinyo ezintathu, futhi ikhono elifanelwe iminyaka emibili liyaziphasa zontathu: likhula lihlangene nento osuvele uyenza, ungathola impendulo yangempela ngalo ngaphakathi kwenyanga, futhi umgogodla walo uzophila isikhathi eside kunamathuluzi alo amanje.
Ukukhula ngokuhlanganisa yikho abantu abakweqayo. Ikhono elihlala eduze komsebenzi wakho okhona likhokha kabili kunelinye elizimele lodwa, ngoba lonke ihora olichitha kulo lenza ihora lenye into libe ngcono, futhi uthola amathuba okulisebenzisa ngaphandle kokuhlela lutho. Uma ubhala ukuze uziphilise, ukufunda ukudweba imidwebo yokuchaza kuyakhula kuhlangene. Ukufunda isiginci akwenzi njalo, okulungile nje uma nje ukukhetha wazi lokho.
Impendulo yisivivinyo sesibili, futhi yiyo enquma ukuthi amahora aguqulwa abe yikhono ngesivinini esingakanani. Uma kungekho muntu ongakutshela ngaphakathi kwenyanga ukuthi uyaba ngcono yini, uzochitha iminyaka emibili uzijwayeza iphutha ngokuzithiba okuphelele. Funa indawo enebhodi lamaphuzu: ukuqoshwa ongakulalela emuva, ihlangano yezingodo evaleka noma engavaleki, umuntu ozofunda ikhasi bese ekutshela ukuthi udinwe kuphi.
Isivivinyo sesithathu ukubekezela, futhi sinenombolo. UDavid Deming noKadeem Noray, besebenza ngedatha yemisebenzi yaseMelika, bathola ukuthi inzuzo yezomnotho eyayiphakeme ekuqaleni kumadigri ezobuchwepheshe asetshenziswayo yehla ngaphezu kwesigamu eshumini lokuqala leminyaka yokusebenza, ngoba okuqukethwe kobuchwepheshe okucacile kuyaqhubeka kushintsha ngaphansi kwalabo abakufundile. Lokho akuyona impikiswano ephikisana nokufunda amathuluzi. Kuyimpikiswano yokukhetha ikhono elinomgogodla ohlala ngaphansi kwamathuluzi.
Ngingalihlola kanjani ikhono ngamasonto amabili ngaphandle kokumosha isikhathi?
Khetha umphumela owodwa omncane wangempela bese uwukhipha ngaphakathi kwalawo masonto amabili. Hhayi isifundo, hhayi isahluko sombono: into eyodwa encane ekhona ekugcineni futhi omunye umuntu angayibuka.
Imizuzu emibili yokudlala okuqoshiwe. Isihlalo esisodwa. Imizuzu eyishumi yengxoxo nesikhulumi esizokulungisa. Ikhasi elilodwa lokubhala ngento oyaziyo ngempela. Umphumela ubalulekile ngoba ukususa engxenyeni yalo lonke ikhono elisha ezwakala njengokufunda nje, futhi yileyo ngxenye yokufunda ekhohlisa abantu bacabange ukuthi bakhethe kahle.
Gcina irekhodi lemigqa emithathu njalo ebusuku: imizuzu, into oyenzile, nokuthi ngabe kwadingeka uzikhuthaze yini ukuze uqale. Ekupheleni kwamasonto amabili yilelo rekhodi elinquma, hhayi intshiseko yakho ngobusuku bokugcina. Futhi yenza uvivinyo ngalunye ngokwalo hhayi ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba ukuqhathanisa eduze kwakho kuklomelisa noma yiluphi obuvele unamandla amaningi kulo ngalelo sonto.
Kubalulekile yini ukuthi nginesiphiwo semvelo yini kukho?
Kubaluleke kancane kunendawo uqobo. Ucwaningo lukaBrooke Macnamara, uDavid Hambrick noFrederick Oswald lwathola ukuthi ukuzilolonga ngenhloso kubalelwa cishe ku-26 wamaphesenti womehluko ekusebenzeni emidlalweni, ku-21 wamaphesenti emculweni naku-18 wamaphesenti ezemidlalo, futhi kancane kakhulu emfundweni nasemsebenzini wobungcweti.
Kufunde njengeqiniso ngezindawo hhayi njengesahlulelo ngawe. Lapho umsebenzi uzinzile futhi impendulo isheshe ifike, amahora aguquka abe yikhono ngezinga eliphezulu, futhi yizona kanye lezo zindawo lapho umuntu oqala engenalutho angahamba ngokushesha khona. Lapho impendulo ihamba kancane futhi indawo ilokhu iguquka, amahora asabalulekile, kodwa adinga ukwakhiwa okungcono namehlo angaphandle amaningi ukuze akhokhe. Ngakho ungakhetheli isiphiwo, khethela isivinini sempendulo.
Kuthiwani uma ngikhetha kabi?
Ulahlekelwa yizinyanga ezimbalwa, hhayi iminyaka emibili, futhi kungaphansi kakhulu kunalokho uma ubala okudlulela kwenye into. Okuningi okwakhayo ezinyangeni zokuqala zanoma yiliphi ikhono elibalulekile kuyingxenye ejwayelekile: ukuthi uyiqhuba kanjani iseshini yokuzilolonga, ukuthi uhlala kanjani nokungabi nekhono phambi komuntu onekhono, ukuthi uyihlukanisa kanjani into enkulu ibe yinto encane ongayenza ngoLwesibili.
Iphutha elibizayo akukhona ukukhetha kabi. Yikho ukuphinda ukhethe njalo emasontweni ayishumi nanye. U-Angela Duckworth nozakwabo bacwaninga ukuthi yini ebikisa ukuthi abantu bazoqeda izinto ezinzima ngempela, kubafundi bezempi baseWest Point, abafundi basemanyuvesi nabancintisana emincintiswaneni yokupela kazwelonke, futhi lokho okwakubikezela kwakuwukuqina, abakuchaza njengokubekezela nothando lwezinhloso zesikhathi eside, futhi okwakungahambisani ne-IQ. Kufunde uqhathanisa nesinqumo sakho bese ingxenye ewusizo yileyo ekungayishoyo. Akekho kulolo cwaningo owayehluke ngokukhetha ngokungenaphutha.
Okusho ukuthi isinqumo esihle nje, esibanjiwe, sedlula isinqumo esiphelele oqhubeka usivula. Beka usuku lokubuyekeza esikhundleni somnyango wokubaleka. Iminyaka emibili kusukela ekuqaleni, kubheke ngobuqotho bese uphinde unqume. Phakathi kwamanje nalapho umbuzo uvaliwe, futhi ukuwuvala yikho okuningi okuthengayo ngalo lonke lolu hlelo.
Zibophezele ngezwi elizwakalayo, bese uyeka ukuthenga
Uma uvivinyo seluphelile, yenza isinqumo sibe nzima ukusiguqula ngendlela eshibhile kunazo zonke ekhona. Sisho ngezwi elizwakalayo kumuntu oyedwa ozokubuza ngaso. Bhala ikhono entweni oyibonayo. Faka amahora kukhalenda ngegama langempela lekhono kunebhulokhi engacacile, bese uvala amanye amathebhu.
Lena akuyona impilo encane. Ukukhetha ikhono elilodwa yindlela ohlanganisa ngayo amandla, futhi eminyakeni eyishumi umehluko phakathi kokuba nekhono elikhulu entweni eyodwa nokujwayelana kamnandi nezintathu awuwona umehluko omncane, kuyimpilo ehluke ngokuphelele. Izinto ezimbili ongazikhethanga azihambanga. Zimile emgqeni, futhi uzofika kuzo usunomkhuba wokuzilolonga osuwakhiwe, okuyindlela engcono yokufika kunaleyo obuzokwazi ukuyenza kulo nyaka.
Ngakho khetha leyo obulokhu uyivula, uyinike amahora osuwatholile, bese uyivumela ibe nzima. Ukungaqiniseki bekungeyona inkinga. Ukungabelwe kwakuyinkinga.
Imithombo
- Psychological Science, Deliberate practice and performance in music, games, sports, education, and professions: a meta-analysis
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Grit: perseverance and passion for long-term goals
- National Bureau of Economic Research, STEM Careers and the Changing Skill Requirements of Work