Umuntu oneminyaka efana neyakho usanda kukhuluma nge-akhawunti enezinombolo eziyisithupha, futhi ufuna impendulo eqotho embuzweni olula: ingabe umehluko phakathi kwakhe nawe likhono, noma yisikhathi? Cishe njalo yisikhathi, futhi lezo yizindaba ezinhle, ngoba isikhathi yiyona nto eyodwa ongaqala ukuyisebenzisa namuhla ngaphandle kokwazi okuhlakaniphile.
Ukwanda kwenzalo kukhulunywa ngakho njengomlingo. Akunjalo. Kuyisilinganiso esisetshenziswa enombolweni, bese siphinde sisetshenziswe enombolweni esikhulu kancane, kaninginingi. Akukho okufihliwe ngakho, futhi akekho okunqobayo ngokuhlakanipha ngendlela abantu abacabanga ngayo. Kunqotshwa yizinto ezimbili ezibhoringayo nokuziphatha okukodwa okunzima, futhi ukuziphatha yiyona ngxenye cishe wonke umuntu ayibukela phansi.
Okulandelayo yizibalo nomkhuba. Akukho lapha okumayelana nokuthi ubani okumele ukuthenge, futhi izinombolo ezingezansi yizibonelo ezikhethwe ukuze isimo sibonakale, hhayi izibikezelo zalokho okuzokwenzeka.
Ukwanda kwenzalo kusebenza kanjani ngempela, ngezinombolo ezicacile?
Isilinganiso sisetshenziswa kuyo yonke ibhalansi, kufaka phakathi ukukhula osekukhona ngaphakathi, ngakho unyaka ngamunye ukukhula kubalwa enombolweni enkulu kancane kunonyaka odlule. Yiwo wonke lowo umshini, futhi isizathu sokuthi kubukeke kumangalisa kamuva ukuthi iminyaka yokuqala yenza umsebenzi othule ongakawuboni.
Thatha isibonelo esilula. Faka u-100, ngesilinganiso esenziwe sika-10 ephesenti, futhi ngemva konyaka owodwa unao-110. Ngonyaka wesibili u-10 ephesenti usetshenziswa ku-110, hhayi ku-100, ngakho uzuza u-11 esikhundleni sika-10. Lowo u-1 owengeziwe uwumqondo wonke. Akukhangi ngonyaka wesibili futhi kuyindaba yonke ngonyaka wamashumi amabili nanhlanu, ngoba ibhalansi lapho isilinganiso sisetshenziswa khona belikhula sonke lesi sikhathi.
I-Securities and Exchange Commission igcina isibali senzalo eyandayo esimahhala ku-Investor.gov, futhi kufanele imizuzu eyishumi yezinombolo zakho hhayi ezami. Faka lokho ongakwazi ukukwengeza ngempela inyanga ngayinye, ukhethe isilinganiso esincane, bese uhambisa inani leminyaka ubuke ukuthi yiliphi islayidi elishintsha isamba kakhulu. Lowo mzamo ufundisa umqondo ngokushesha kunanoma yisiphi isigaba.
Ukuqala eminyakeni emihlanu ngaphambili kwenza umehluko ongakanani?
Omkhulu, ngoba iminyaka yokuqala yileyo enendawo ende kakhulu yokukhula. Imali eyengezwe eminyakeni emihlanu ngaphambili inesilinganiso esisetshenziswa kuyo izikhathi ezinhlanu ezengeziwe, futhi ngokungafani nesilinganiso esingcono, lokho akuyona into okumele ube nesiqiniseko ngayo.
Lena yingxenye engacaci kakhulu yezibalo futhi kufanele uhlale nayo. Abantu bacabanga ukuthi imali ebalulekile yileyo abayengeza kamuva, lapho bethola kakhulu. Izibalo zithi okuphambene. Inani elincane elengezwa uneminyaka engamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili linamashumi amathathu eminyaka yokuba isilinganiso sisetshenziswe kulo izikhathi ezingamashumi amathathu. Inani elikhulu elengezwa uneminyaka engamashumi amane nesishiyagalombili lineshumi. Imali yokuqala yenza umsebenzi omningi ngeyunithi ngayinye kunalokho imali yakamuva ezokwenza. Into ewusizo kakhulu ongayenza ngokwanda kwenzalo ukuyiqala ngesikhathi inani lisazwakala lincane kakhulu ukuze libaluleke.
Yingakho futhi iseluleko esejwayelekile sokulinda uze ube "nokwanele ukuze kufanele ukutshalwa" sibeka izinto ngendlela ephambene. Awukho umkhawulo. Kukhona kuphela ukuthi isilinganiso sisetshenziswa izikhathi ezingaki.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngengeza kangakanani noma ukuthi ngikhetha ini?
Kubantu abaningi, ezikhathini eziningi, ukuthi wengeza kangakanani nokuthi uyishiya isikhathi esingakanani kubaluleke kakhulu kunokukhetha, ngoba lezo zinto ezimbili yizona ozilawula ngokuphelele. Isilinganiso yinto onikwa yona. Umnikelo yinto oyinqumayo.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi izinqumo azibalulekile, futhi akusiso iseluleko sokuthi kufanele ukhethe ini, lesi sihloko esingasinikezi futhi esingafanelekile ukusinikeza. Kuyisimemezelo mayelana nokuthi ukunaka kwakho kukhokha kuphi. Ihora elichithwa ekukhuliseni lokho okwengezayo inyanga ngayinye, noma ekumiseni ukudlulisela okuqhubekayo osukwini olulandela usuku lokukhokhelwa, kushintsha izinto zakho ezimbili ngokuqondile. Ihora elichithwa ufunda imibono ngalokho okuzokwenzeka kalandelayo alishintshi lutho olulawulayo, futhi livame ukukwenza ufune ukuthinta ibhalansi, okuyisenzo esisodwa izibalo ezisijezisa ngempela.
Uhlelo lwe-Securities and Exchange Commission lokonga nokutshala luqala endaweni efanayo engakhangi: chaza imigomo yakho, uhlele izimali zakho, bese uphatha ukonga okuncane njengento eyakha imali enkulu. Kubhoringa, futhi kulungile.
Ngenzani ngosuku inombolo yehla ngalo?
Akukho ongakuhlelile kakade. Isenzo esingcono kakhulu ngosuku olubomvu yileso owasinquma ngosuku oluzolile, futhi isizathu akulona ukuziphatha kahle, ukuthi izibalo zisebenza kuphela emalini esesekhona ku-akhawunti.
Njalo lapho umuntu ekhipha imali ngoba inombolo yehlile, iwashi lokwanda kwenzalo liyaqala phansi kuleyo mali. Isilinganiso asinalutho ongazisebenzisa kuso. Bese ivame ukubuyiselwa kamuva, iphakeme, okusho ukuthi lowo muntu uthenge ngokuphezulu wathengisa ngokuphansi ngokuthula ngesikhathi ezizwa enomthwalo omkhulu wemfanelo. Lelo gebe phakathi kwalokho umuntu ayengaba nakho nalokho agcina enakho lingelokuziphatha kunelezibalo.
Ngakho ukuzivikela okusebenzayo ukwenza isinqumo kanye, ngaphambili, ngesikhathi kungenzeki lutho. Bhala phansi ukuthi wengezani, nini, nokuthi yini engakwenza ushintshe ngempela, okuvame ukuba ushintsho empilweni yakho kunoshintsho ezindabeni. Bese ubeka ukubuyekeza osukwini oluthile, kanye ngenyanga noma kanye ekoteni, futhi ungabheki phakathi kwezinsuku. Ukubheka akumahhala. Konke ukubheka kuyisimemo sokwenza okuthile, futhi ukwenza yingxenye ebizayo.
Ngingakukhulisa kanjani lokho engikwengezayo ngaphandle kokukuzwa?
Kukhulise ngesonto umholo wakho okhuphuka ngalo, ngaphambi kokuba ukuchitha kwakho kube nesikhathi sokungena kuleso sikhala. Ukukhushulwa komholo kuwukuphela komzuzu wonyaka lapho umnikelo omkhulu ungakubizi lutho obuvele ujwayele kona.
Lona umkhuba oshibhe kunayo yonke kulesi sihloko futhi uthatha cishe imizuzu emine. Uma umholo omusha ufika, hambisa ingxenye yokukhuphuka, hhayi konke, ngqo ekudluliselweni okuqhubekayo. Usathola ukukhushulwa. Usakuzwa. Nje awufundi ukuchitha ingxenye oyiqondise kwenye indawo, futhi leyo ngxenye yileyo enendlela ende kakhulu yokukhula.
Yenza okufanayo nanoma yini engajwayelekile. Ibhonasi, imali ebuyiselwe, inkokhelo yangaphandle, inyanga enezinsuku ezintathu zokukhokhelwa. Ayikho leyo mali esemikhubeni yakho okwamanje, okwenza ibe imali eshibhe kunazo zonke ozoke uyengeze. Futhi gcina ukudluliswa kuzenzakalela futhi kunosuku. Isinqumo okumele usenze izikhathi eziyishumi nambili ngonyaka isinqumo ozosishiya ngezinye izikhathi. Isinqumo osenze kanye senziwa izikhathi eziyishumi nambili.
Ingxenye ethule yiyona ekhokhayo
Kunenguqulo yalesi sihloko esiphatha njengomncintiswano, lapho onqobayo kunguye owayehlakaniphe kakhulu ngeminyaka emihlanu edlule. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili akufundeki kanjalo. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili onqobayo uvame ukuba ngoyena owaqhubeka ewengeza, wagcina uhlelo, futhi akazange akuthinte ngezikhathi ezintathu noma ezine lapho ukukuthinta kwakubukeka kuphuthuma futhi kusobala.
Lelo yikhono lokuzola, hhayi ikhono lezimali, futhi yilona lelo elivumela umuntu abambe ukuthula ngemva kokusho inani lomholo, noma afunde i-imeyili enzima kabili ngaphambi kokuphendula. Ukuzola lapha akukho ukungenzi lutho. Kungumshini. Umuntu okwazi ukushiya imali ingathintwa iminyaka eyishumi akanazifiso ezincane kunomuntu obheka nsuku zonke. Nguye osenendawo lapho sekubaluleka khona, futhi wathola emuva iminyaka omunye ayichitha ebukele.
Ngakho yenza into encane enamandla kunaleyo enkulu ehlakaniphile. Qala ngaphambi kokuba kuzwakale kubalulekile. Khulisa lokho okwengezayo ngesonto umholo wakho okhuphuka ngalo. Beka ukubuyekeza osukwini oluthile. Bese uchitha ukunaka kwakho engxenyeni yempilo yakho lapho ukuhlakanipha kushintsha ngempela umphumela, okuvame ukuba ukuhola kwakho kunesilinganiso sakho.
Imithombo
- U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Compound Interest Calculator
- U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Save and Invest
- Federal Reserve Board, Survey of Household Economics and Decisionmaking