Ngonyaka wokuqala imali eyayikhululekile ngempela, wakuqaphela ngezindlela ezincane. Ukukhokhela imoto kwayeka ukuba yinto enkulu. Ukudla ngaphandle kwakungasadingi ukubala izinombolo endaweni yokupaka. Ngakho wanquma ukuqala ukupha ngendlela efanele, wavula ispredishithi, wasibuka imizuzu engamashumi amabili, wabuye wasivala, ngoba wayengazi ukuthi iyiphi inombolo engahlazi.
Leyo yinkinga enhle ukuba nayo futhi ejwayelekile. Cishe akekho ofundiswa indlela lapha. Kukhona okweshumi, impendulo ethile evela esikweni esithile. Kukhona izibalo ze-effective altruism, eziqinile futhi ezingashiya umuntu opha okokuqala ezizwa engathi udinga iziqu zocwaningo ngaphambi kokuthumela amadola angamashumi amahlanu. Phakathi kwakho kuhlala iqembu elikhulu labantu abanamakhono abangapha ngesimiso uma nje ubani ebanika indlela ephikiseka ngayo yokukhetha inombolo.
Nansi indlela yokuyikhetha. Ithatha cishe imizuzu eyishumi, futhi uyenza kanye nje.
Ukupha ngamaphesenti kwenzani ngempela kuwe?
Kushintsha lokho imali yakho ekushoyo ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini enye. Imali ephuma ngokuzenzakalela, ngesilinganiso esimisiwe, iyeka ukuba yibhodi lamaphuzu ozama ukulinqoba bese iba wumthombo onomsebenzi onamathiselwe kuwo.
Lolo shintsho yiyona ngxenye akekho obhala ngayo, futhi ibaluleke kakhulu kunezibalo ezingaphansi kwayo. Umuntu osaqongelela eqonde emuzweni othile akalokothi azi ukuthi inombolo isilungile nini, ngoba lowo muzwa uyanyakaza njalo lapho inombolo inyakaza. Umuntu osevele enqumile ukuthi ucezu lwayo lwenzelweni usewuphendulile lowo mbuzo kusenesikhathi. Ubala ibhalansi ngendlela ehlukile, uxoxisana ngokuzola kakhulu ngoba inombolo ayithwele ukuzazisa kwakhe ingene nayo egumbini, futhi angakwazi ukulinda umnikelo ombi udlule ngaphandle kokuthi lokho kulinda kuzwakale njengesigwebo.
Ucwaningo ngokupha lukhomba endaweni enobungane ngaphandle kokukuthembisa lutho. UDunn, u-Aknin noNorton bathola kuzo zonke izinhlolovo, ucwaningo lwesikhathi eside nolokuhlola ukuthi ukuchitha imali kwabanye abantu kwakubikezela injabulo enkulu kunokuchitha imali efanayo kuwe. Lokho ngokutholakele mayelana nezilinganiso, akusona isiqinisekiso ngoLwesibili lwakho, futhi lesi sihloko asizukukutshela ukuthi yini ezobuyela kuwe. Esikushoyo ukuthi iphesenti elinqunywe kusenesikhathi lisusa impikiswano eyodwa ephindaphindekayo onyakeni wakho, futhi lokho kodwa kuwafanele lawo mizuzu eyishumi.
Kufanele ngikhethe amaphesenti amangaki?
Khetha inombolo ongeke uphinde uxoxisane ngayo enyangeni embi. Kubantu abaningi abaqalayo, lokho kuwela phakathi kwephesenti elilodwa namahlanu emalini engenayo engakakhishwa lutho, futhi impendulo elungile yisibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke oqiniseka ngempela ukuthi ngeke usivale ngoDisemba.
Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezenza kunamathele.
Amaphesenti, hhayi isibalo esimisiwe. Isibalo esimisiwe kumele sibuyekezwe njalo lapho imali yakho engenayo ishintsha, okusho ukuthi buthule siphinde sibe yisinqumo futhi. Amaphesenti akhula nawe ngokuzenzakalela, ngakho unyaka omuhle uyawakhulisa ngaphandle komhlangano.
Ngaphambi kwentela noma ngemva kwayo, khetha okukodwa bese ukubhala phansi. Ayikho impendulo yokuziphatha lapha. Kukhona kuphela inguqulo ozokwazi ukuyisho ngokunembile ezinyangeni eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili.
Ungakhethi inombolo edinga unyaka omuhle. Inhloso yalokhu ukuthi kusinde ekotheni elilingene. Isibalo esisebenza kuphela lapho izinto zihamba kahle akuwona amaphesenti, kungumoya wangalolo suku.
Ayikho inombolo yokuziphatha. Noma ubani okutshela okuhlukile udayisa uhlaka. Kukhona kuphela inombolo esebenzayo, futhi ukusebenza kusho ukuthi ibambelela ngoJanuwari futhi ibambelele nangenyanga lapho ikhasimende likhokha emva kwesikhathi.
Kufanele ngiqale nini, futhi ingabe iphesenti elilodwa lincane kakhulu ukuze libalwe?
Qala manje, nganoma yimaphi amaphesenti asinda enyangeni embi. Iphesenti elilodwa uqala kulo nyaka lidlula amaphesenti ayishumi oqala ngawo lapho uzizwa usukulungele. Umkhuba yiyona ngxenye enzima lapha, izibalo azizange zibe yinkinga.
Ukulinda kunendlela ethile yokwehluleka. Umkhawulo uyanyakaza. Uma uneminyaka engamashumi amathathu uhlela ukuqala uma iholo lidlula inani elithile, uma uneminyaka engamashumi amane kuba uma ibhondi selincane, uma uneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu kuba uma izingane sezidlulile esikoleni, futhi ngasinye salezo sizathu sinengqondo ngokuphelele uma simi sodwa. Zihlangene ziyimpilo lapho ukupha kuhlala kubuya kwelinye igxathu elilodwa. Umuntu owaqala ngephesenti elilodwa eneminyaka engamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili, ngaleso sikhathi, usewenze lo mkhuba iminyaka engamashumi amabili futhi kumlula ukuwukhulisa, ngoba ukukhulisa into esivele ikhona kuyisinqumo esincane kunokuqala ekungeni.
Faka umthetho owodwa wokukhuphuka usalapha. Lapho imali yakho engenayo ikhuphuka, khuphula amaphesenti ngenxenye yephuzu. Ngeke usizwe isigamu sephuzu phezu kokwanda kweholo, futhi umkhuba ukhula ngesivinini somsebenzi wakho esikhundleni sokulinda umoya othile.
Ngikuhlela kanjani ukuze amandla entando angadingeki nhlobo?
Kwenze kuzenzakalele ngosuku ongalubheki, bese uyeka ukunquma. Ukudluliswa kwemali okumiyo kwanyanga zonke ngosuku olulandela usuku lomholo kususa ukukhetha ngokuphelele, okuyiyona ndlela eyodwa ethembekile yokugcina into isebenza ngesikhathi esinzima.
Ubufakazi bezinto ezimisiwe kusengaphambili buqine ngokungajwayelekile. Ucwaningo lukaMadrian noShea lokubamba iqhaza ku-401(k) lwathola ukuthi ukushintsha ukubhaliswa kusuka ekuzikhetheleni kuye ekuzenzakaleleni kwashintsha ukuziphatha ngokumangalisayo ngaphandle kokushintsha ngisho nesici esisodwa sezomnotho sohlelo, nokuthi abantu babehlala lapho okumisiwe kwakubabeke khona. Ukungashintshi ngumandla amakhulu kunawo wonke kwezimali zomuntu siqu. Wakhombise entweni oyikhethe ngamabomu bese ekusebenzela unyaka wonke.
Imithetho emithathu yenza lokhu kuzenzakalelayo kube neqiniso. Kubeke kube nyanga zonke kunokuba kube nyaka nyaka, ngoba ukudluliswa okuncane okuyishumi nambili akubonakali kanti ukudluliswa okukodwa kukaDisemba kuyingxoxo. Kubuyekeze kanye ngonyaka, ngehora elifanayo obuyekeza ngalo yonke into enye, kube yilapho kuphela. Futhi ungalokothi uphinde uxoxisane ngakho phakathi nonyaka nasenyangeni enhle, ngoba amaphesenti akhuphuka ngenxa yentokozo angamaphesenti ehla ngenxa yokukhathazeka.
Kuthiwani uma ngingakabi nayo imali?
Khona-ke nikela ngekhono okhokhelwa ngalo kunokunikela ngamahora akho kuphela. Intambama eyodwa yento oyingcweti kuyo ngempela ibaluleke kakhulu enhlanganweni encane kunentambama efanayo ekhokhelwe bese inikelwa, futhi iyatholakala iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kwemali.
Yile ngxenye edlulwayo, futhi yiyona ngxenye eyenza wonke lo mkhuba utholakale kumuntu osakhuphuka. Izinto ezine ezibaluleke kakhulu ongazinika omunye umuntu kule nyanga azibizi lutho. Sho igama lomuntu egumbini angekho kulo, okuwukumxhasa futhi akufani neseluleko. Ncoma into eyodwa ethile obala, phambi kwabantu abanemibono ebalulekile kuye. Yenza ukwazisana obungakugcina wedwa. Fundisa lokho okwaziyo, okuyindlela esheshayo yokuthola ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zakho obuzenzisa.
Ubufakazi ngokuvolontiya buyakhuthaza futhi kufanele bushiwo ngokucophelela. Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile ku-BMC Public Health kwathola ukuthi amavolontiya ayebonisa imiphumela engcono ekucindezelekeni, ekwaneliseni kwempilo nasenhlalakahleni, kanye nengozi ephansi yokufa ekuhlaziyweni okuhlanganisiwe, kanti ababhali babecacisa ukuthi izimbangela ngokwazo azikaqinisekiswa. Ngakho kwenze ngoba kushibhile futhi kuwusizo nangoba yiyo inguqulo yalo mkhuba ongaqala ngayo namuhla, hhayi ngoba othile wakuthembisa okuzobuya.
Khetha inombolo namuhla, hhayi ngoDisemba
Bhala phansi inombolo ngaphambi kokuba umuzwa omuhle uphele. Hhayi umamukeli, okuyindaba yakho hhayi eyalesi sihloko, futhi hhayi isithembiso esobala, esiyisethembiso esinezethameli. Amaphesenti nje kuphela, ukuthi ngaphambi kwentela noma ngemva kwayo, kanye nosuku ukudluliswa kwemali okwenzeka ngalo.
Bese ubuyela emsebenzini. Amaphesenti amisiwe akuyona intela ephezu kwesifiso sokuphumelela futhi akuyona inkulumo yomsebenzi omncane. Kuyinto ephambene: yikho okuvimba ukuthi iminyaka eyishumi ezayo yomsebenzi onzima nokhokhelwa kahle ibe mayelana nebhodi lamaphuzu, futhi umuntu ongaphathi bhodi lamaphuzu ucela okwengeziwe, ulinde isikhathi eside, futhi usesekhona emdlalweni lapho izinombolo ezinkulu zifika ekugcineni.
Imithombo
- Science, Spending money on others promotes happiness
- National Bureau of Economic Research, The Power of Suggestion: Inertia in 401(k) Participation and Savings Behavior
- BMC Public Health, Is volunteering a public health intervention? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the health and survival of volunteers